Intensive agriculture and land use at Roman Gordion, central Turkey
Intensive agriculture and land use at Roman Gordion, central Turkey
复制标题
土耳其中部罗马戈尔迪恩的集约化农业和土地利用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
N. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Marston;N. Miller
关于罗马农业实践及其对安纳托利亚（现代土耳其）环境影响的考古植物学研究很少发表。在安纳托利亚中部的多时期城市中心戈尔迪翁，罗马人的新数据表明，自由小麦，最有可能是小麦（面包小麦），是农业实践的重点，与更早时期形成对比，当时更多样化的农业系统包括更多的大麦和豆类。灌溉水平和木材燃料的使用相对于粪便的增加，沿着区域过度放牧的证据，提供了进一步的证据，在罗马时期的土地利用方式的重大变化。重点介绍了T.种植普通小麦加上大面积放牧对环境有重大影响，导致区域范围内严重的过度放牧和土壤侵蚀。历史来源和来自其他罗马时期遗址的有限数据表明，在罗马时期，安纳托利亚中部可能已经实行了类似的农业模式。我们认为，这可能是由于外部强加的税收或小麦形式的军事贡品的需求，并得出结论，这些需求导致通过一个不可持续的农业系统在Gordion。
Few archaeobotanical studies of Roman agricultural practices and their environmental impact in Anatolia (modern Turkey) have been published. New data from Roman levels at Gordion, a multi-period urban centre in central Anatolia, indicate that free-threshing wheat, most likely Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), was the focus of agricultural practice, in contrast to earlier periods when a more diverse agricultural system included greater amounts of barley and pulses. Evidence for increased levels of irrigation and wood fuel use relative to dung, along with regional overgrazing, provide further evidence for significant change in land-use practices during the Roman period. The emphasis on T. aestivum cultivation coupled with extensive grazing had significant environmental implications, leading to severe overgrazing and soil erosion on a regional scale. Historical sources and limited data from other Roman period sites suggest that similar patterns of agriculture may have been practiced across central Anatolia during the Roman period. We propose that this may have been due to externally imposed demands for taxation or military tribute in the form of wheat, and conclude that these demands led to the adoption of an unsustainable agricultural system at Gordion.