The development and temporal dynamics of spatial orienting in infants
The development and temporal dynamics of spatial orienting in infants
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DOI：
10.1006/jecp.1996.0046
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Tucker, LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, MH;Tucker, LA
成年人的视觉注意力转移可以通过提示特定的空间位置并评估与其他位置相比在该提示位置呈现的目标的检测速度来研究。一些研究使用了空间线索范式，试图研究婴儿的注意力转移。然而，这些研究采用了不同的程序、时间进程、测量方法和年龄组，使得它们之间的比较变得困难。本实验旨在研究不同线索-目标时间间隔对2、4、6个月婴儿定向速度和方向的影响。实验一的结果表明，2个月大的婴儿对线索的影响较弱，而4个月大的婴儿在线索开始后200 ms出现目标时对线索位置表现出促进作用，当目标出现在线索开始后700 ms时对同一位置的反应表现出抑制作用。6个月大的婴儿表现出抑制的证据，但没有促进的证据。对这种数据模式的一种解释是，6个月大的孩子比4个月大的孩子转移注意力更快。这一假设在实验2中得到了验证，在实验2中，对一组7个月大的婴儿使用了四种不同的线索-目标间隔。所获得的结果与婴儿随着年龄增长更快地将注意力转移到空间位置的假设是一致的。(C)1996年学术出版社。
Shifts of visual attention can be studied in adults by cueing a particular spatial location and assessing the speed of detection of targets presented in the cued location as compared to other locations. A number of studies have used spatial cueing paradigms in an attempt to study attention shifts in infants. However, these studies have employed different procedures, time courses, measures, and age groups, making comparison between them difficult. The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of varying the cue-target time interval on the speed and direction of orienting in 2-, 4-, and 6-month-old infants. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that, while 2-month-old infants showed only weak effects of the cue, 4-month-old infants show facilitation to a cued location when a target appears 200 ms after cue onset, and inhibition of responses to the same location when the target appears 700 ms after the cue onset. Six-month-old infants showed evidence of inhibition, but not facilitation. One account of this pattern of data is that 6-month-olds shift attention faster than do 4-month-olds. This hypothesis was tested in Experiment 2 in which four different cue-target intervals were used with a group of 7-month-old infants. The results obtained were consistent with the hypothesis that infants get faster to shift attention to a spatial location with age. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.