The reproductive cycle of the chukar.-猫眼课题宝

楚卡的生殖周期。

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发表时间：

1963

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作者：

R. Mackie;H. K. Buechner

这是一项为期2年（1958-60）的研究生殖周期的chukar（Alecomargraeca）在东南部华盛顿。配对发生在2月初至3月下旬，1岁以上的鸟是第一对。这种配对关系似乎一直持续到潜伏期的早期。睾丸复发开始于1月下旬，进展相对缓慢和恒定的速度;充分的繁殖条件似乎达到3月下旬，并持续约3个月;和退化是两个阶段，主要发生在4至6周。卵巢和输卵管周期的时间相似。复发开始于2月1日左右，并分为两个阶段，一个逐渐变化的时期，然后是产卵开始前的快速发展时期。大多数雌性在3月中旬至4月中旬产下第一个蛋。6只笼养雌蝇产卵221粒，平均每粒产卵1.3天。在孵化前失去卵后，肾衰竭持续存在;一些雌性继续产卵，直到7月中旬。开始孵化的日期约为4月19日至7月19日，孵化时间约为5月1日至8月中旬（高峰期约为6月21日）。卵巢和输卵管的退化发生在两个阶段，在孵化期间的短时间内发生极其迅速的变化，然后是长时间的逐渐变化。本研究提供了一个更详细的了解生殖周期的chukar比以前已经提供，并作为未来的生态和生理调查的基础。关于石首鱼生殖周期的数据相对较少。华盛顿的Galbreath和莫兰（1953）、内华达州的Christensen（1954）和加州的哈珀等人（1958）主要报道了释放、成功建立、生态学和一般生活史。在这些论文中，生殖行为仅作一般性讨论。这项调查得到了华盛顿州第171号倡议措施为生物和医学研究提供的资金的部分支持。1959年夏天，华盛顿狩猎部提供了一个收集许可证和资金来进行研究。我们要感谢Dr. Irven O。巴斯博士提出了有益的建议。帕克协助统计分析，罗伯特L。他对手稿的评论。研究区域调查在华盛顿惠特曼县斯内克河附近的47平方英里的研究区域进行。蛇河峡谷的陡峭、岩石和深切的断裂是该地区的特征。从峡谷上缘附近的起伏农田到蛇河，平均距离为2英里，垂直落差约1,900英尺。山坡上覆盖着山艾树草原型植被，大量散布着玄武岩露头和岩屑。Daubenmire（1942）将该地区的植被描述为Agropyron spicatumrrr-Poa secunda植被带。然而，由于土壤和干扰因素，主要的覆盖类型各不相同。该地区是半干旱地区，年降水量约为13英寸。1951年3月和4月期间，在华盛顿的惠特曼县的蛇河沿岸沿着了700只猎场鸟，结果发现了研究区域的石鸡种群（Galbreath和莫兰，1953）。研究

This is a 2-year study (1958-60) of the reproductive cycle of the chukar (Alectoris graeca) in southeastern Washington. Pairing occurred from early February to late March, with birds over 1 year of age being the first to form pairs. The pair bond appeared to endure until early in the incubation period. Testicular recrudescence began during late January, progressing at a relatively gradual and constant rate; the full breeding condition appeared to be reached by late March and persisted about 3 months; and regression was two-phased, occurring largely within 4 to 6 weeks. Ovarian and oviducal cycles were timed similarly. Recrudescence began about February 1 and progressed in two phases, a period of gradual change followed by a period of rapid development before the onset of egg laying. Most females laid the first egg between mid-March and mid-April. Six captive females laid 221 eggs at a mean rate of 1.3 days per egg. Renesting persisted following loss of eggs prior to hatching; some females continued to lay until mid-July. Dates for initiation of incubation ranged from about April 19 to July 19, hatching from about May 1 to mid-August (peak about June 21). Regression of ovaries and oviducts occurred in two stages, a short period of extremely rapid change during incubation followed by a long period of gradual change. The present study provides a more detailed understanding of the reproductive cycle of the chukar than has been available previously and serves as a basis for future ecological and physiological investigations. Relatively few data are available on the reproductive cycle of the chukar. Galbreath and Moreland (1953) in Washington, Christensen (1954) in Nevada, and Harper et al. (1958) in California report primarily on releases, successful establishment, ecology, and general life history. Reproductive behavior is discussed only in general in these papers. This investigation was supported in part by funds provided for biological and medical research by the State of Washington Initiative Measure No. 171. The Washington Department of Game provided a collecting permit and funds to conduct studies during the summer of 1959. We wish to thank Dr. Irven O. Buss for his helpful suggestions, Dr. Richard A. Parker for assistance with statistical analyses, and Dr. Robert L. Eng for his comments concerning the manuscript. STUDY AREA The investigation was conducted on a 47-square-mile study area located adjacent to the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington. The steep, rocky, and deeply cut breaks of the Snake River Canyon characterize the area. A vertical drop of about 1,900 feet extends over an average distance of 2 miles from rolling farmlands adjacent to the upper margin of the Canyon to the Snake River. The slopes are covered by sagebrush-grassland type vegetation heavily interspersed by basalt outcroppings and talus slides. Daubenmire (1942) describes the vegetation of the area as within the Agropyron spicatumrr-Poa secunda vegetation zone. However, prevailing cover types vary as a result of edaphic and disturbance factors. The area is semiarid, receiving about 13 inches of precipitation annually. The chukar population on the study area resulted from releases of 700 game-farm birds stocked in several groups along the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington, during March and April, 1951 (Galbreath and Moreland 1953). The research

The reproductive cycle of the chukar.

楚卡的生殖周期。

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