Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for protein immobilization
Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for protein immobilization
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DOI：
10.1021/ja010172b
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发表时间：
2001-04-25
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
Dai, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, RJ;Zhang, YG;Dai, HJ
单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）是一种具有结构、机械、电学和机电性能的分子线。1-3单壁碳纳米管在固体材料中是独特的，因为每个原子都在表面上。因此，表面化学对纳米碳管的物理性质及其应用至关重要。3-10 SWNT侧壁功能化对于可溶性纳米管、4-6表面自组装和化学传感器非常重要。8-10为此，必须以非共价方式功能化单壁碳纳米管的侧壁，以保持sp2纳米管的结构，从而保持其电子特性。利用纳米管作为新型生物传感器材料的前景推动了生物分子在碳纳米管上的固定化。纳米管的电子特性与固定生物系统的特定识别特性相结合，确实会成为理想的小型化传感器。研究这一领域的先决条件是发展化学方法以可靠的方式将生物分子固定在碳纳米管上。到目前为止，对多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）的研究非常有限。11-15金属硫蛋白被捕获在开放式mwnt的内部并放置在其外表面。11-14链亲和素被发现可能是通过纳米管和蛋白质疏水结构域之间的疏水相互作用吸附在MWNTs上。还观察了15个DNA分子通过非特异性相互作用吸附在MWNTs上。12-14在这篇文章中，我们报道了一种简单而通用的方法来实现单壁碳纳米管侧壁的非共价功能化，并随后将各种生物分子固定在纳米管上，具有高度的可控性和特异性。非共价功能化涉及一种双功能分子，1-芘丁酸，琥珀酰亚胺酯(1)(Molecular Probes, Inc.， USA)，在有机溶剂中不可逆地吸附在固有疏水性的单壁碳纳米管表面
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are molecular wires that exhibit interesting structural, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties. 1-3 A SWNT is unique among solidstate materials in that every atom is on the surface. Surface chemistry could therefore be critical to the physical properties of SWNTs and their applications. 3-10 SWNT sidewall functionalization is important to soluble nanotubes, 4-6 self-assembly on surfaces, and chemical sensors. 8-10 For these purposes, it is imperative to functionalize the sidewalls of SWNTs in noncovalent ways to preserve the sp2 nanotube structure and thus their electronic characteristics.Immobilization of biomolecules on carbon nanotubes has been pursued in the past, motivated by the prospects of using nanotubes as new types of biosensor materials. 11-15 The electronic properties of nanotubes coupled with the specific recognition properties of the immobilized biosystems would indeed make for an ideal miniaturized sensor. A prerequisite for research in this area is the development of chemical methods to immobilize biological molecules onto carbon nanotubes in a reliable manner. Thus far, only limited work has been carried out with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). 11-15 Metallothionein proteins were trapped inside and placed onto the outer surfaces of open-ended MWNTs. 11-14 Streptavidin was found to adsorb on MWNTs presumably via hydrophobic interactions between the nanotubes and hydrophobic domains of the proteins. 15 DNA molecules adsorbed on MWNTs via nonspecific interactions were also observed. 12-14 In this communication, we report a simple and general approach to noncovalent functionalization of the sidewalls of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and subsequent immobilization of various biological molecules onto nanotubes with a high degree of control and specificity. The noncovalent functionalization involves a bifunctional molecule, 1-pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (1)(Molecular Probes, Inc., USA), irreversibly adsorbed onto the inherently hydrophobic surfaces of SWNTs in an organic solvent