Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis
Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1123/jsep.29.4.457
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Janelle, Christopher M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mann, Derek T. Y.;Williams, A. Mark;Janelle, Christopher M.
运动知觉认知技能的研究已经非常丰富。然而，现有的定性综合这项研究缺乏必要的定量细节，以确定不同技能水平的群体之间的差异的大小，从而限制了这一机构的文献的理论和实践贡献。我们提出了一个荟萃分析审查集中在运动中的感知认知技能（N = 42研究，388效应量）的主要目的是量化的专业知识的差异。计算了各种相关测量的影响（即，反应准确性、反应时间、视觉注视次数、视觉注视持续时间和安静眼期）。结果表明，专家比非专家更好地拿起知觉线索，所揭示的反应准确性和反应时间的措施。视觉搜索行为的系统性差异也被观察到，与非专家相比，专家使用更少的较长时间的固定，包括延长的安静眼期。几个因素（例如，运动类型、研究范式和刺激呈现方式）对专业水平与知觉-认知技能之间的关系具有显著的调节作用。实践和理论的影响，并提供了实证工作的建议。
Research focusing on perceptual-cognitive skill in sport is abundant. However, the existing qualitative syntheses of this research lack the quantitative detail necessary to determine the magnitude of differences between groups of varying levels of skills, thereby limiting the theoretical and practical contribution of this body of literature. We present a meta-analytic review focusing on perceptual-cognitive skill in sport (N = 42 studies, 388 effect sizes) with the primary aim of quantifying expertise differences. Effects were calculated for a variety of dependent measures (i.e., response accuracy, response time, number of visual fixations, visual fixation duration, and quiet eye period) using point-biserial correlation. Results indicated that experts are better than nonexperts in picking up perceptual cues, as revealed by measures of response accuracy and response time. Systematic differences in visual search behaviors were also observed, with experts using fewer fixations of longer duration, including prolonged quiet eye periods, compared with nonexperts. Several factors (e.g., sport type, research paradigm employed, and stimulus presentation modality) significantly moderated the relationship between level of expertise and perceptual-cognitive skill. Practical and theoretical implications are presented and suggestions for empirical work are provided.