Genomic sciences and the medicine of tomorrow
Genomic sciences and the medicine of tomorrow
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DOI：
10.1038/nbt1196-1516
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
46.9
通讯作者：
Drews, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drews, J
经过100年左右的药物开发，制药业发现自己陷入了困境。在过去的十年中，开发新疗法的环境发生了如此根本的变化，以至于那些坚持开发疗法的“经典”方法的公司-筛选化合物对未知靶点的潜在治疗效果-几乎肯定注定要失败。因此，如果制药公司坚持以这种方式开发药物，结果只能是一个：药物更少，公司更少，全球医疗质量几乎没有增长。面临这种困境的制药公司有两种选择：“防御性”战略或”进攻性”战略。防御性姿态旨在通过管理或合作药品分销网络以及销售非专利药品来增加销售量。“进攻性”战略调动资源，迅速有效地开发创新新药，以新颖的方式服务于尚未开发的市场。为了实现这一目标，公司必须专注于其新产品的质量，并相信它会因为提供更好的药物而得到补偿。使”创新”战略成为可能的工具是基因组学。对人类基因组计划潜力的仔细分析表明，在接下来的六年里，可能会出现3000 - 10000个有趣的新分子干预位点--用制药术语来说就是”药物靶点”。这是一个数量级大于目标的数量，我们今天有药物。要开发这一潜力，将需要迄今为止制药行业无法预见的合作水平。生物技术公司和学术机构将在帮助开发这些新药方面发挥重要作用。
After a 100 years or so of drug development, the pharmaceutical industry finds itself in a difficult predicament. The environment for developing new therapeutics has changed so radically during the past decade that those companies that persist in the" classic" approach to developing therapeutics---the screening of chemical compounds for potential therapeutic effects on unknown targetsare almost certainly doomed to failure. As a result, if pharmaceutical companies persist in developing drugs in this way, there can only be one result: Fewer drugs, fewer companies, and little or no growth in the quality of health care worldwide.Pharmaceutical companies facing this dilemma have two options:" Defensive" strategies or" offensive" strategies. The defensive posture aims to increase the volume of sales by managing or collaborating in drug-distribution networks, and by marketing generic medicines." Offensive" strategies mobilize resources to build innovative new drugs quickly and efficiently to serve untapped markets in novel ways. To accomplish this, a company must focus on the quality of its new products and believe that it will be compensated for delivering better drugs. The tool that makes the" innovative" strategy possible is genomics. A careful analysis of the Human Genome Project's potential suggests that 3,000-10,000 interesting new molecular sites for intervention-" drug targets" in the pharmaceutical vernacular-may emerge from it over the course of the next six years. This is an order of magnitude greater than the number of targets for which we have drugs today. To develop this potential will require a level of collaboration unforeseen in the pharmaceutical industry to date. Biotechnology companies and academic institutions will have a major role to play in helping to develop these new drugs.