Responsibility of drivers, by age and gender, for motor-vehicle crash deaths
Responsibility of drivers, by age and gender, for motor-vehicle crash deaths
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.001
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Shabanova, VI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, AF;Shabanova, VI
问题：按年龄和性别进行的机动车碰撞率比较通常是基于特定年龄/性别类别的驾驶员本身受伤或卷入碰撞的程度（例如，碰撞中的20岁女性人数）。相反，对不同年龄/性别群体的司机在车祸中对死亡（包括他们自己）负责的程度进行比较，更能揭示他们对这一问题的总体贡献。方法：使用1996-2000年死亡分析报告系统（FARS）的数据进行分析，该数据基于仅涉及一辆或两辆车的碰撞。在致命的单车撞车事故中，司机被认为对事故负有责任。在致命的两车相撞事故中，警方报告的驾驶员操作失误被用来确定事故责任。结果：当考虑所有的车祸时，最年轻和最年长的司机都最有可能对车祸中的死亡负责。在两车相撞事故中，年龄较大的司机比年轻司机更有可能承担责任。年轻男性比年轻女性更有可能对车祸死亡负责，而50多岁及以上的女性比同龄男性更有可能负责。就每位持牌司机的死亡责任而言，年轻司机，特别是男性，由于其高卷入率和高责任率，其死亡率最高。年轻司机造成的死亡大多数发生在其他人身上，尤其是车上的乘客，而年龄较大的司机造成的死亡大部分是他们自己造成的。讨论：研究结果强调了年轻司机对机动车碰撞问题的贡献，需要采取措施，如在分级许可制度中限制乘客，以及需要对车辆进行改装以更好地保护老年乘客。(C) 2003年国家安全委员会和爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Problem: Motor-vehicle crash rate comparisons by age and gender usually are based on the extent to which drivers in a particular age/gender category are themselves injured or involved in crashes (e.g., the number of 20-year-old females in crashes). Basing comparisons instead on the extent to which drivers in various age/gender groups are responsible for deaths (including themselves) in their crashes is more revealing of their overall contribution to the problem. Methods: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, 1996-2000) were used in the analysis, which was based on crashes that involved one or two vehicles only. Drivers in fatal single-vehicle crashes were assumed to have responsibility for the crash. In fatal two-vehicle crashes, driver operator errors reported by police were used to assign crash responsibility. Results: When all crashes were considered, both the youngest and oldest drivers were most likely to be responsible for deaths in their crashes. In two-vehicle crashes, the oldest drivers were more likely than young drivers to be responsible. Young males were more likely than young females to be responsible for crash deaths, whereas females in their 50s and older were more likely than same-age males to be responsible. In terms of responsibility for deaths per licensed driver, young drivers, especially males, had the highest rates because of their high involvement rates and high responsibility rates. The majority of deaths for which young drivers were responsible occurred to people other than themselves, especially passengers in their vehicles, whereas the bulk of the deaths for which older drivers were responsible were their own. Discussion: The results highlight the contribution of young drivers to the motor-vehicle crash problem, the need for measures such as passenger restrictions in graduated licensing systems, and the need for vehicle modifications to better protect older occupants. (C) 2003 National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.