Migrants' Skills and Productivity: A European Perspective
Migrants' Skills and Productivity: A European Perspective
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移民的技能和生产力：欧洲的视角
DOI：
10.1177/0027950113803222
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Robert Stehrer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Huber;M. Landesmann;Catherine Robinson;Robert Stehrer
人员流动自由是欧盟的核心原则之一。然而，移民往往被视为当地工人担忧的一个原因，因为劳动力供应的增加可能会威胁到就业并造成工资下降的压力。各国政治家面临着越来越大的压力来防范这种情况——尤其是在经济衰退时期。尽管如此，有证据表明，高技能的移民劳动力有可能显着提高竞争力，理论上这可能会提高生产力。在本文中，我们首先探讨了欧盟和欧盟内部移民的构成，特别关注高技能人才的作用以及移民在其工作中资格过高的程度。然后我们分析农民工是否影响部门层面的生产率。我们发现熟练的外国劳动力没有得到充分利用，而且总体上几乎没有证据表明移民提高了生产率，这可能部分归因于资历过高。然而，我们发现强有力的证据表明，移民——尤其是高技能移民——在“技能密集型”行业的生产力发展中发挥着积极作用。
The freedom of movement of persons is one of the core tenets of the European Union. Immigration however is often seen as a cause for concern amongst native workers, as rising labour supply may threaten jobs and create downward pressure on wages. National politicians are increasingly under pressure to guard against it — in times of recession particularly. Despite this, there is evidence that highly-skilled migrant labour has the potential to raise competitiveness significantly and in theory this may feed into productivity. In this paper, we explore first the composition of inward migration to the EU and within the EU, concentrating specifically on the role of the highly-skilled and the extent to which migrants are overqualified within their jobs. We then analyse whether migrant workers affect productivity at the sectoral level. We find under-utilisation of skilled foreign labour and there is little evidence in general to suggest that migrants have raised productivity which may in part be attributable to over-qualification. However, we find robust evidence that migrants — particularly highly-skilled migrants — play a positive role in productivity developments in industries which are classified as ‘skill intensive’.