Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation.
Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation.
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在青春期接触水果调味品会增加尼古丁的消耗，并促进剂量的增加。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108672
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
De Biasi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patten T;Dreier A;Herman RJ;Kimball BA;De Biasi M
电子烟的流行引发了人们对可口口味对尼古丁使用的影响的兴趣。尽管越来越多的证据表明甜味剂可以增强尼古丁的奖励，但它们对尼古丁消耗的影响尚未得到广泛研究。此外，青少年时期使用调味尼古丁可能对成年后的尼古丁奖励和依赖产生的影响仍不清楚。这项研究纵向研究了从青春期到成年，调味尼古丁的获取对尼古丁偏好和消费的影响。雄性和雌性青春期小鼠更喜欢水果味的尼古丁溶液而不是无味的尼古丁溶液。然而，只有能够接触到调味尼古丁的青春期雌性小鼠才会消耗更高的剂量。此外，虽然青春期雄性小鼠对调味和无味尼古丁的摄入量都会增加，但雌性小鼠只有在接触调味尼古丁时才会增加。在经典的两瓶选择设计中，当小鼠成熟到成年时，没有证据表明与无尼古丁对照相比，接触调味尼古丁的历史改变了对无味尼古丁的偏好。然而，当尼古丁浓度逐渐降低时，在青春期食用草莓味尼古丁的小鼠比在青春期开始使用无口味尼古丁的小鼠维持基线尼古丁消耗水平的时间更长。最后，在成年期间向尼古丁溶液中添加水果香料会导致尼古丁消耗水平增加，无论以前是否接触过调味尼古丁或对所选香料的熟悉程度如何。这些结果表明，调味剂会增加尼古丁的消耗，与生命阶段无关，可能对青春期女性造成不成比例的风险。我们的研究结果还表明，青少年使用调味尼古丁对成年后维持尼古丁剂量有影响，这可能对未来戒烟尝试的成功产生影响。
The rise of e-cigarette popularity has sparked interest in the role of palatable flavors on nicotine use. Despite growing evidence that sweet flavorants enhance nicotine reward, their influence on nicotine consumption has not been studied extensively. In addition, the impact that flavored nicotine use in adolescence could have on nicotine reward and dependence in adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the role of flavored nicotine access on nicotine preference and consumption longitudinally, from adolescence to adulthood. Male and female adolescent mice preferred a fruit-flavored nicotine solution over an unflavored nicotine solution. However, only adolescent female mice with access to flavored nicotine consumed higher doses. Furthermore, while adolescent male mice escalated consumption of both flavored and unflavored nicotine, female mice only escalated when given access to flavored nicotine. As mice matured into adulthood, there was no evidence that a history of flavored-nicotine access altered preference for unflavored nicotine compared to a nicotine-free control in a classic two-bottle choice design. However, when the nicotine concentration was progressively reduced, mice that had consumed strawberry-flavored nicotine in adolescence maintained baseline nicotine consumption levels longer than mice that initiated nicotine use without flavor in adolescence. Finally, addition of fruit-flavorants into the nicotine solution during adulthood led to increased levels of nicotine consumption, regardless of previous flavored-nicotine access or of familiarity with the selected flavorant. These results indicate that flavorants increase nicotine consumption independent of life stage, possibly posing a disproportionate risk to adolescent females. Our results also point to an effect of adolescent flavored-nicotine use on nicotine dose maintenance in adulthood, which could have implications for the success of future quit attempts.
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