The neural correlates of memory encoding and recognition for own-race and other-race faces
The neural correlates of memory encoding and recognition for own-race and other-race faces
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.019
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Curran, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herzmann, Grit;Willenbockel, Verena;Curran, Tim
正如许多行为研究所表明的那样，人们通常比识别来自不同种族的面孔更善于识别自己种族的面孔。在这里，我们使用事件相关电位(ERPs)来研究自己种族和其他种族面孔之间的差异如何影响记忆、编码和识别的神经关联。在中国人和高加索人面孔的记忆-知道范式的研究和测试阶段，记录了亚洲人和高加索人参与者的事件相关电位。两组受试者都存在明显的异族行为效应，他们既不认异族面孔，也不认同族面孔；然而，高加索被试表现出更强的异族效应。在研究阶段，使用记忆引起的事件相关电位差异(DM)来评估记忆编码。记忆编码中的其他种族效应仅在高加索受试者中发现。在随后的“回忆”项目上，高加索被试表现出比其他种族面孔更少的正平均波幅，这表明对自己种族面孔的成功记忆编码需要较少的神经激活。在随后的“回忆”和“熟悉”项目的比较中，高加索受试者只对自己种族的面孔表现出类似的大脑激活，这表明随后对自己种族面孔的熟悉和回忆来自相似的记忆编码过程。与种族有关的经历也影响了旧的/新的效应，这是在再认测试中测量的回忆的事件相关电位。本种族面孔引起典型的顶叶旧/新效应，而其他种族面孔的旧/新效应持续时间较长，并以额叶脑区活动为主，这表明提取后监控过程有更强的参与。这些结果表明，他族效应是一种基于记忆编码和再认的现象。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
People are generally better at recognizing faces from their own race than from a different race, as has been shown in numerous behavioral studies. Here we use event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how differences between own-race and other-race faces influence the neural correlates of memory encoding and recognition. ERPs of Asian and Caucasian participants were recorded during the study and test phases of a Remember-Know paradigm with Chinese and Caucasian faces. A behavioral other-race effect was apparent in both groups, neither of which recognized other-race faces as well as own-race faces; however, Caucasian subjects showed stronger behavioral other-race effects. In the study phase, memory encoding was assessed with the ERP difference due to memory (Dm). Other-race effects in memory encoding were only found for Caucasian subjects. For subsequently "recollected" items, Caucasian subjects showed less positive mean amplitudes for own-race than other-race faces indicating that less neural activation was required for successful memory encoding of own-race faces. For the comparison of subsequently "recollected" and "familiar" items, Caucasian subjects showed similar brain activation only for own-race faces suggesting that subsequent familiarity and recollection of own-race faces arose from similar memory encoding processes. Experience with a race also influenced old/new effects, which are ERP correlates of recollection measured during recognition testing. Own-race faces elicited a typical parietal old/new effect, whereas old/new effects for other-race faces were prolonged and dominated by activity in frontal brain regions, suggesting a stronger involvement of post-retrieval monitoring processes. These results indicate that the other-race effect is a memory encoding- and recognition-based phenomenon. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.