Factors affecting survival of bacteriophage on tomato leaf surfaces
Factors affecting survival of bacteriophage on tomato leaf surfaces
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02118-06
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Jones, J. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iriarte, F. B.;Balogh, B.;Jones, J. B.
噬菌体在层层中长时间存活的能力受到许多因素的限制，包括阳光照射，特别是在紫外线区，温度，干燥和接触铜杀菌剂。评价了这些因素对噬菌体和配方噬菌体（与脱脂乳混合的噬菌体）持久性的影响。在实地研究中，如果在噬菌体施用当天施用铜，则会显著减少噬菌体，而提前4天或7天施用铜则不会。在田间研究了日光紫外线对番茄叶片噬菌体存活的影响。噬菌体分别于清晨、上午、下午和傍晚照射，同时监测UVA + UVB照射和噬菌体数量。紫外辐照强度与噬菌体数量下降呈正相关。防护配方降低了紫外线的影响。为了证明紫外对噬菌体悬浮液的直接作用，研究了其对番茄细菌性斑疹病的防治效果。紫外线显著降低了噬菌体控制细菌斑点的能力。环境温度对非配方噬菌体有显著影响，但对配方噬菌体没有显著影响。研究了干燥和荧光光照对噬菌体的影响。干燥导致60天后噬菌体数量显著但仅轻微减少，而荧光在2周内消除了噬菌体。保护性配方消除了这两种因素造成的减少。紫外线对噬菌体的持久性有显著影响，而其他因素的影响则不太明显。配制的噬菌体减少了所研究环境因素的有害影响。
The ability of bacteriophage to persist in the phyllosphere for extended periods is limited by many factors, including sunlight irradiation, especially in the UV zone, temperature, desiccation, and exposure to copper bactericides. The effects of these factors on persistence of phage and formulated phage (phage mixed with skim milk) were evaluated. In field studies, copper caused significant phage reduction if applied on the day of phage application but not if applied 4 or 7 days in advance. Sunlight UV was evaluated for detrimental effects on phage survival on tomato foliage in the field. Phage was applied in the early morning, midmorning, early afternoon, and late evening, while UVA plus UVB irradiation and phage populations were monitored. The intensity of UV irradiation positively correlated with phage population decline. The protective formulation reduced the UV effect. In order to demonstrate direct effects of UV, phage suspensions were exposed to UV irradiation and assayed for effectiveness against bacterial spot of tomato. UV significantly reduced phage ability to control bacterial spot. Ambient temperature had a pronounced effect on nonformulated phage but not on formulated phages. The effects of desiccation and fluorescent light illumination on phage were investigated. Desiccation caused a significant but only slight reduction in phage populations after 60 days, whereas fluorescent light eliminated phages within 2 weeks. The protective formulation eliminated the reduction caused by both of these factors. Phage persistence was dramatically affected by UV, while the other factors had less pronounced effects. Formulated phage reduced deleterious effects of the studied environmental factors.