Immunological consequences of microbiome-based therapeutics.
Immunological consequences of microbiome-based therapeutics.
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基于微生物组的治疗剂的免疫学后果。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046472
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
生活在人体上和人体内的微生物的复杂网络，统称为微生物组，产生广泛的生物活性分子，塑造我们的健康。微生物组的破坏与一系列疾病的易感性有关，如癌症、糖尿病、过敏、肥胖和感染。正在开发一系列新的基于微生物组的疗法，通过将细菌或细菌衍生的副产物移植到患病个体中来治疗这些疾病，以重置接受者的微生物组并恢复健康。微生物组移植疗法仍处于常规治疗选择的早期阶段，除了少数明显的例外，在临床试验中取得的成功有限。在这篇综述中，我们强调了实施这些疗法治疗疾病的成功和挑战，重点是免疫系统和基于微生物组的疗法之间的相互作用。移植前微生物组移植受体的免疫激活状态在支持细菌植入方面具有重要作用。植入后，微生物组移植衍生的信号可以调节免疫功能以改善疾病。随着基于微生物组的新疗法的开发，考虑移植物如何与免疫系统相互作用将是确定基于微生物组的移植物是否发挥其预期治疗效果的关键因素。
The complex network of microscopic organisms living on and within humans, collectively referred to as the microbiome, produce wide array of biologically active molecules that shape our health. Disruption of the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to a range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, allergy, obesity, and infection. A new series of next-generation microbiome-based therapies are being developed to treat these diseases by transplanting bacteria or bacterial-derived byproducts into a diseased individual to reset the recipient’s microbiome and restore health. Microbiome transplantation therapy is still in its early stages of being a routine treatment option and, with a few notable exceptions, has had limited success in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the successes and challenges of implementing these therapies to treat disease with a focus on interactions between the immune system and microbiome-based therapeutics. The immune activation status of the microbiome transplant recipient prior to transplantation has an important role in supporting bacterial engraftment. Following engraftment, microbiome transplant derived signals can modulate immune function to ameliorate disease. As novel microbiome-based therapeutics are developed, consideration of how the transplants will interact with the immune system will be a key factor in determining whether the microbiome-based transplant elicits its intended therapeutic effect.