ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF EUSOCIALITY - A PERSPECTIVE FROM STUDYING PRIMITIVELY EUSOCIAL WASPS
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF EUSOCIALITY - A PERSPECTIVE FROM STUDYING PRIMITIVELY EUSOCIAL WASPS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02927973
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发表时间：
1990-08-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
GADAGKAR, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GADAGKAR, R
群居昆虫是世代重叠、协作性育儿和生殖种姓分化的昆虫。在这些昆虫中，原始社会昆虫在生殖和工种之间没有形态上的差异，并且在成年雌性可能采取的社会角色上表现出相当大的灵活性。这使得它们成为研究共生社会起源的有吸引力的模型系统。关于原始群居黄蜂的快速积累的信息表明，单倍体不太可能在群居群居的起源中发挥重要作用。然而，由于群体生活的许多优势，一般的亲缘选择(没有单倍体的帮助)可能是一个重要的因素。想象前的种姓偏见导致生育率的差异也可能起到一定的作用。由于劳动者在未来往往有一些机会成为繁殖者，互惠互利和其他个人选择模式表明自己是重要的因素。提出了一个关于社会进化路径的假说，该假说着眼于在社会进化的不同阶段为群体生活选择的因素。有人认为，群居起源于互惠互利的好处(“赌博阶段”)，但亲代操纵和亚生育很快变得重要(“操纵阶段”)，最后，由于单倍体造成的遗传不对称被亲属识别利用(“识别阶段”)，这种高度的社会状态得以维持。
Eusocial insects are those that show overlap of generations, cooperative brood care and reproductive caste differentiation. Of these, primitively eusocial insects show no morphological differences between reproductive and worker castes and exhibit considerable flexibility in the social roles that adult females may adopt. This makes them attractive model systems for investigations concerning the origin of eusociality. The rapidly accumulating information on primitively eusocial wasps suggests that haplodiploidy is unlikely to have an important role in the origin of eusociality. General kin selection (without help from haplodiploidy) could however have been an important factor due to the many advantages of group living. Pre-imaginal caste bias leading to variations in fertility is also likely to have some role. Because workers often have some chance of becoming reproductives in future, mutualism and other individual selection models suggest themselves as important factors. A hypothesis for the route to eusociality which focuses on the factors selecting for group living at different stages in social evolution is presented. It is argued that group living originates owing to the benefit of mutualism (the ‘Gambling Stage’) but parental manipulation and subfertility soon become important (the ‘Manipulation Stage’) and finally the highly eusocial state is maintained because genetic asymmetries created by haplodiploidy are exploited by kin recognition (the ‘Recognition Stage’).