DAMAGE INVENTORY ESTIMATION FOR LARGE SCALE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER ASSESSMENT USING NIGHT TIME CITY LIGHT
DAMAGE INVENTORY ESTIMATION FOR LARGE SCALE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER ASSESSMENT USING NIGHT TIME CITY LIGHT
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Takashima;H. Hayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Takashima;H. Hayashi
传统的大型灾害损失评估存在以下两个问题。第一，没有办法以精细的空间分辨率收集关于损害清单的最新信息，如人口和大目标地区的建筑物数量，特别是在发展中国家。第二，人类住区的多重管辖性质一直被忽视。人类住区往往超越行政边界。评估应由每个人类住区群组进行，而不是按行政管辖权进行。为了解决这些问题，我们重点研究了DMSP(国防气象卫星计划)卫星每天捕捉到的城市灯光分布，作为跨越边界的人类住区的指数。首先，通过积累大量的DMSP图像，提出了一种自动估计反映城市光照分布的稳定光强的方法。然后，在人口普查和商业普查的基础上，通过分析城市光照空间分布与人口和建筑物空间分布的关系，提出了在人口普查和商业普查的基础上，识别大都市区和估算人口和建筑物数量的方法。研究表明，用城市光照分布估算的1995-2000年大都市区的空间变化反映了人口的实际变化，该方法可以可靠地估计出人口超过1万、建筑物超过1万的直辖市内1 km网格的人口和建筑物数量。我们应用这些方法评估了预计将在不久的将来发生的东海地震的破坏规模。通过使用我们的方法估计的大都市区域对每1公里网格估计的损失进行汇总，明确了哪些人类住区集群特别可能受到影响，以及哪些城市应该为这一事件相互密切合作。
Traditional damage assessment for large-scale disaster has following two problems. First is there is no method to collect up-to-date information about damage inventory such as population and the number of buildings for large target area in fine spatial resolution, especially in developing country. Second is multi-jurisdictional nature of human settlement has been ignored. Human settlement tends to extend beyond administrative boundary. Assessment should be done by each human settlement cluster, not by administrative jurisdiction. To address these problems, we focused on city light distribution captured by DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellite on daily basis as an index of human settlement across the boundary. At first, we developed an automated method to estimate stable light intensity which reflects the city light distribution by accumulating a large amount of DMSP imagery. Then, the methods to identify metropolitan area and to estimate the size of population and the number of buildings were developed by analyzing the relationship between the spatial distribution of city light and that of population and buildings with 1km grid based on the population census and the business census. It was clarified that spatial change of metropolitan area from 1995 to 2000 estimated by city light distribution reflects actual changes in the population and that the method we proposed can reliably estimate the population and the number of buildings with 1km grid within the municipalities with more than 10,000 population and more than 10,000 buildings. We applied these methods to assess the damage size due to the Tokai earthquake which is expected to occur near future. Which human settlement clusters can be especially impacted and which municipalities should closely cooperate each other for this event was clarified by aggregating the damage estimated in each 1km grid using the metropolitan area estimated by our method.