Intervention to reduce heat stress and improve efficiency among sugarcane workers in El Salvador: Phase 1.
Intervention to reduce heat stress and improve efficiency among sugarcane workers in El Salvador: Phase 1.
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DOI：
10.1136/oemed-2016-103555
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
WE Program Working Group
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bodin T;García-Trabanino R;Weiss I;Jarquín E;Glaser J;Jakobsson K;Lucas RA;Wesseling C;Hogstedt C;Wegman DH;WE Program Working Group
在炎热的环境中从事繁重工作造成的慢性热应激和脱水被认为是中美洲慢性肾病流行病的重要组成部分。(1)评估在甘蔗切割期间提供以OSHA的水、休息、遮荫计划（WRS）为模型的干预措施的可行性;（2）在不降低生产力的情况下防止热应激和脱水。在6个月收获的中途，干预措施引入了WRS做法。一个60人的切割组提供水供应在个人背包，移动的阴凉休息区和预定的休息时间。还实施了符合人体工程学的改进弯刀和效率战略。健康数据（人体测量，血液，尿液，问卷调查）收集收获前，干预前，中期干预和收获结束。一个次级样本参加了焦点小组讨论。记录每日湿球地球仪温度（WBGT）。雇主提供了个人生产记录。在收获期间，从9：00开始WBGT>26°C，在13：00左右达到平均最高值29.3±1.7°C。干预后自我报告的用水量增加了25%。与热应激和脱水相关的症状减少。干预后，人均日产量从5.1吨增加到7.3吨。这一增幅高于公司其他切割组。重点小组报告说，对妇女救济系统的组成部分以及新的砍刀和切割方案有积极的看法。WRS干预在甘蔗田是可行的，并且似乎显着降低了劳动力的热应激条件的影响。通过适当注意工作实践，可以在对工人健康影响较小的情况下维持生产。
Chronic heat stress and dehydration from strenuous work in hot environments is considered an essential component of the epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Central America. (1) To assess feasibility of providing an intervention modelled on OSHA's Water.Rest.Shade programme (WRS) during sugarcane cutting and (2) to prevent heat stress and dehydration without decreasing productivity. Midway through the 6-month harvest, the intervention introduced WRS practices. A 60-person cutting group was provided water supplied in individual backpacks, mobile shaded rest areas and scheduled rest periods. Ergonomically improved machetes and efficiency strategies were also implemented. Health data (anthropometric, blood, urine, questionnaires) were collected preharvest, preintervention, mid-intervention and at the end of harvest. A subsample participated in focus group discussions. Daily wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) were recorded. The employer provided individual production records. Over the harvest WBGT was >26°C from 9:00 onwards reaching average maximum of 29.3±1.7°C, around 13:00. Postintervention self-reported water consumption increased 25%. Symptoms associated with heat stress and with dehydration decreased. Individual daily production increased from 5.1 to a high of 7.3 tons/person/day postintervention. This increase was greater than in other cutting groups at the company. Focus groups reported a positive perception of components of the WRS, and the new machete and cutting programmes. A WRS intervention is feasible in sugarcane fields, and appears to markedly reduce the impact of the heat stress conditions for the workforce. With proper attention to work practices, production can be maintained with less impact on worker health.