3D simulations of M star atmosphere velocities and their influence on molecular FeH lines
3D simulations of M star atmosphere velocities and their influence on molecular FeH lines
复制标题
M 星大气速度的 3D 模拟及其对分子 FeH 谱线的影响
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/200913149
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Ludwig
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reiners;Ludwig
ContextThe measurement of line broadening in cool stars is in general a difficult task. In order to detect slow rotation or weak magnetic fields, an accuracy of 1 km s-1is needed. In this regime the broadening from convective motion becomes important. We present an investigation of the velocity fields in early to late M-type star hydrodynamic models, and we simulate their influence on $\element[][]{FeH}$ molecular line shapes. The M star model parameters range betweenofand effective temperatures from 2500 K to 4000 K.AimsOur aim is to characterize the- and-dependence of the velocity fields and express them in terms of micro- and macro-turbulent velocities in the one dimensional sense. We present a direct comparison between 3D hydrodynamical velocity fields and 1D turbulent velocities. The velocity fields strongly affect the line shapes of $\element[][]{FeH}$, and it is our goal to give a rough estimate of theandparameter range in which 3D spectral synthesis is necessary and where 1D synthesis suffices. We want to distinguish between the velocity-broadening from convective motion and the rotational- or Zeeman-broadening in M-type stars we are planning to measure. For the latter, $\element[][]{FeH}$ lines are an important indicator.MethodsIn order to calculate M-star structure models, we employ the 3D radiative-hydrodynamics (RHD) code CO5BOLD. The spectral synthesis in these models is performed with the line synthesis code LINFOR3D. We describe the 3D velocity fields in terms of a Gaussian standard deviations and project them onto the line of sight to include geometrical and limb-darkening effects. The micro- and macro-turbulent velocities are determined with the “curve of growth” method and convolution with a Gaussian velocity profile, respectively. To characterize theanddependence of $\element[][]{FeH}$ lines, the equivalent width, line width, and line depth are examined.ResultsThe velocity fields in M-stars strongly depend onand. They become stronger with decreasingand increasing. The projected velocities from the 3D models agree within ~100 m s-1with the 1D micro- and macro-turbulent velocities. The $\element[][]{FeH}$ line quantities systematically depend onand.ConclusionsThe influence of hydrodynamic velocity fields on line shapes of M-type stars can well be reproduced with 1D broadening methods. $\element[][]{FeH}$ lines turn out to provide a means to measureandin M-type stars. Since different $\element[][]{FeH}$ lines all behave in a similar manner, they provide an ideal measure for rotational and magnetic broadening.
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DOI:
10.1086/153960
发表时间:
1975
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
作者:
D. F. Gray
通讯作者:
D. F. Gray
DOI:
10.1086/510527
发表时间:
2006
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
影响因子:
--
作者:
Jacob L. Bean;G. F. Benedict;M. Endl
通讯作者:
M. Endl
影响因子:
6.5
作者:
F. Palla;I. Baraffe
通讯作者:
I. Baraffe
影响因子:
6.5
作者:
Hans;Hans;F. Allard;P. Hauschildt;P. Hauschildt
通讯作者:
P. Hauschildt
影响因子:
4.8
作者:
A. Schweitzer;P. Hauschildt;F. Allard;G. Basri
通讯作者:
G. Basri