Status of marine biodiversity of the China seas.
Status of marine biodiversity of the China seas.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0050719
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Liu JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu JY
中国的海洋面积近500万平方公里，从热带气候区延伸到温带气候区，海岸线（包括岛屿）长达3.2万公里。20世纪50年代初，随着中国科学院青岛海洋生物实验室的建立，对该区域海洋生物多样性进行了全面系统的研究。从那时起，科学家们对中国海域的海洋生物进行了深入的多学科研究，记录了46门22629种海洋生物。中国海域的海洋动植物具有生物多样性高的特点，包括南海和东海的印度洋-西太平洋暖水动物群的热带和亚热带成分，以及以黄海为主的北太平洋温带动物群的温带成分。南海南部动物群具有典型的热带元素，与菲律宾-新几内亚-印度尼西亚珊瑚三角的典型热带动物群中心平行。本文综述了中国海洋生物多样性的研究进展，主要讨论了海洋生物多样性的特征和变化，包括濒危物种的监测、评估和保护，特别是加强有效管理。简要介绍了以下方面的研究：(1)半封闭海湾潮滩，(2)全球气候变化对冷水生态系统的影响，(3)海南岛和西南沙环礁珊瑚礁，(4)南海红树林，(5)受威胁的海草田，以及(6)中国对虾渔业增渔实例。除了生物资源的过度开发（2007年产量超过1240万吨）外，中国海域生物多样性的主要威胁是环境恶化（污染、海岸建设），特别是在具有高生产力的咸淡水河口环境中，这是一些重要经济物种的产卵和苗区。从长远来看，气候变化也是一个重大威胁。最后，简要讨论了海洋生物多样性研究面临的挑战，并提出了加强该领域研究的建议。2004年以来，中国参加了海洋生物普查，总结了浮游动物和底栖动物生物多样性的研究进展。
China's seas cover nearly 5 million square kilometers extending from the tropical to the temperate climate zones and bordering on 32,000 km of coastline, including islands. Comprehensive systematic study of the marine biodiversity within this region began in the early 1950s with the establishment of the Qingdao Marine Biological Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since that time scientists have carried out intensive multidisciplinary research on marine life in the China seas and have recorded 22,629 species belonging to 46 phyla. The marine flora and fauna of the China seas are characterized by high biodiversity, including tropical and subtropical elements of the Indo-West Pacific warm-water fauna in the South and East China seas, and temperate elements of North Pacific temperate fauna mainly in the Yellow Sea. The southern South China Sea fauna is characterized by typical tropical elements paralleled with the Philippine-New Guinea-Indonesia Coral triangle typical tropical faunal center. This paper summarizes advances in studies of marine biodiversity in China's seas and discusses current research mainly on characteristics and changes in marine biodiversity, including the monitoring, assessment, and conservation of endangered species and particularly the strengthening of effective management. Studies of (1) a tidal flat in a semi-enclosed embayment, (2) the impact of global climate change on a cold-water ecosystem, (3) coral reefs of Hainan Island and Xisha-Nansha atolls, (4) mangrove forests of the South China Sea, (5) a threatened seagrass field, and (6) an example of stock enhancement practices of the Chinese shrimp fishery are briefly introduced. Besides the overexploitation of living resources (more than 12.4 million tons yielded in 2007), the major threat to the biodiversity of the China seas is environmental deterioration (pollution, coastal construction), particularly in the brackish waters of estuarine environments, which are characterized by high productivity and represent spawning and nursery areas for several economically important species. In the long term, climate change is also a major threat. Finally, challenges in marine biodiversity studies are briefly discussed along with suggestions to strengthen the field. Since 2004, China has participated in the Census of Marine Life, through which advances in the study of zooplankton and zoobenthos biodiversity were finally summarized.