Genetic and environmental risks for specific language impairment in children
Genetic and environmental risks for specific language impairment in children
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2000.0770
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发表时间：
2001-03-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bishop, DVM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bishop, DVM
特殊性语言障碍（SLI）是指儿童在语言习得方面存在无法解释的困难。在过去的十年中，有迅速增长的证据表明，基因在SLI的病因学中起着重要作用。然而，进一步阐明基因在引起SLI中的作用的进展受到我们对表型缺乏了解的限制。迄今为止的研究一直受到这样一个事实的阻碍，即我们不知道SLI是否应该被视为一个离散的疾病或连续变量，更不用说应该使用哪些措施来识别病例，或者有多少亚型。最近的研究表明，理论上动机的措施，潜在的过程可能比传统的临床诊断识别病因不同类型的语言障碍。研究人员倾向于接受简约主义，寻找SLI的单一原因，或者在任何情况下，确定不同的亚型，每种亚型都有不同的单一原因。研究综述表明，可能不是一个富有成效的方法，SLI，并在多个风险和保护因素，这是在医学上广泛采用的方法，是更现实的。
Specific language impairment (SLI) is the term used to refer to unexplained difficulties in language acquisition in children. Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth of evidence indicating that genes play an important part in the aetiology of SLI. However, further progress in elucidating the role of genes in causing SLI is limited by our lack of understanding of the phenotype. Studies to date have been hampered by the fact that we do not know whether SLI should be treated as a discrete disorder or a continuous variable, let alone which measures should be used to identify cases, or how many subtypes there are. Recent research suggests that theoretically motivated measures of underlying processes may be better than conventional clinical diagnoses for identifying aetiologically distinct types of language impairment. There has been a tendency for researchers to embrace parsimony and look for a single cause of SLI-or in any event, to identify different subtypes, each with a different single cause. Research is reviewed that suggests that may not be a fruitful approach to SLI, and that an approach in terms of multiple risk and protective factors, which is widely adopted in medicine, is more realistic.