Proximate and ultimate determinants of cathemeral activity in brown lemurs
Proximate and ultimate determinants of cathemeral activity in brown lemurs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.09.033
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Borgognini-Tarli, Silvana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donati, Giuseppe;Baldi, Nicoletta;Borgognini-Tarli, Silvana M.
在灵长类动物中，只有两个狐猴属（Eulemur 和 Hapalemur）以及一群阔鼻猴 Aotus azarai 被认为是昼夜性的（即表现出白天和夜间的混合活动）。鉴于这种现象在除马达加斯加狐猴之外的灵长类动物中很少见，其直接和最终因素仍然存在争议。这种明显奇怪的生活方式的适应性原因主要基于四个并不相互排斥的假设：体温调节益处、反捕食策略、避免竞争和代谢饮食相关需求。然而，在活动相关的多元背景下，很少有人努力将直接线索与潜在的最终因素区分开来。为了研究这些假设，我们比较了马达加斯加南部潮湿滨海和干燥廊道森林中两组 E. colonis 和一组杂交种 E. colonis x Eulemur fulvus rufus 的全年导管活动。使用 5 分钟瞬时方法收集数据，在白天和夜间均匀分布采样。我们通过 ANCOVA 分析，使用昼间活动与夜间活动之间的比率作为因变量，对直接因素和最终因素的不同影响进行加权。光周期变化和夜间光度是造成这两个地点大部分变化的两个直接因素。饮食质量是对两个狐猴种群的昼夜指数有显着影响的唯一最终因素，表明代谢饮食相关需求在决定这些狐猴的导管活动中发挥着作用。 (C) 2008 年动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Among primates, only two lemur genera, Eulemur and Hapalemur, and a population of the platyrrhine Aotus azarai are known to be cathemeral (i.e. show a mixture of daytime and night-time activity). Given the rarity of this phenomenon in primates except for Malagasy lemurs, its proximate and ultimate factors are still debated. The adaptive reasons for this apparently odd lifestyle are mainly based on four not mutually exclusive hypotheses: thermoregulatory benefits, antipredator strategy, competition avoidance and metabolic dietary-related needs. However, little effort has been made to tease apart proximate cues from potential ultimate factors in the multivariate context of activity correlates. To investigate these hypotheses, we compared the year-round cathemeral activity of two groups of Eulemur collaris and one group of hybrids E. collaris x Eulemur fulvus rufus in a humid littoral and in a dry gallery forest of southern Madagascar. Data were collected using a 5 min instantaneous method, with sampling equally distributed between day and night. We weighted the different effects of proximate and ultimate factors via the ANCOVA analysis using as the dependent variable the ratio between diurnal and nocturnal activity. Photoperiodic changes and nocturnal luminosity were the two proximate factors that accounted for most of the variability at the two sites. Diet quality was the only ultimate factor that had a significant effect on the diurnality index of the two lemur populations, suggesting a role of metabolic dietary-related needs in determining cathemeral activity in these lemurs. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.