Effect of conservation management on bees and insect-pollinated grassland plant communities in three European countries
Effect of conservation management on bees and insect-pollinated grassland plant communities in three European countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.004
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发表时间：
2010-02-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Kleijn, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batary, Peter;Baldi, Andras;Kleijn, David
现在人们普遍认为，农业集约化导致生物多样性和授粉等相关生态系统服务的下降。保护管理，如农业环境计划（AES），已被引入，以抵消这些下降，但在西欧国家，这些往往产生混合生物多样性的好处。对AES在中欧和东欧国家的影响知之甚少。我们评估了匈牙利半天然牧场中降低放牧率（0.5头牛/公顷vs>1头牛/公顷）对蜜蜂和昆虫授粉植物的影响。2003年，我们在田野的边缘和内部用扫网和样带调查对蜜蜂进行了三次采样。在同一样带，我们还估计了所有植物物种的覆盖。我们没有发现管理的影响，物种丰富度和丰富度方面的蜜蜂和昆虫授粉植物的覆盖，但放牧强度导致昆虫授粉植物的物种组成的差异。此外，我们将我们的结果与在瑞士和荷兰进行的类似研究进行了比较，但采用不同的管理制度。瑞士的管理有积极的效果，但荷兰缺乏保护效果。蜜蜂和昆虫授粉植物的物种丰富度在匈牙利最高，瑞士居中，荷兰最低。在所有国家，昆虫授粉植物的丰富度是蜜蜂物种丰富度的一个很好的预测指标。在土地利用、密度和生物多样性处于中等水平的国家（瑞士），草原扩展计划对蜜蜂和昆虫授粉植物有效。在荷兰没有产生影响可能是由于这两种田地类型的管理都非常密集。在匈牙利草原的生物多样性水平很高，无论管理和调查放养率可能是合格的保护管理。因此，匈牙利的农业政策应鼓励维护各种传统的放牧方式，以保护这种仍然高度多样化的传粉动物群。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
It is now widely accepted that agricultural intensification drives the decline of biodiversity and related ecosystem services like pollination. Conservation management, such as agri-environment schemes (AES), has been introduced to Counteract these declines, but in Western European countries these tend to produce mixed biodiversity benefits. Not much is known about the effects of AES in Central and Eastern European Countries. We evaluated the effect of reduced stocking rates (0.5 cow/ha vs. >1 cow/ha) on bees and insect-pollinated plants in semi-natural pastures in Hungary. We sampled bees using sweep net and transect surveys in the edge and interior of the fields three times in 2003. On the same transects, we also estimated the cover of all plant species. We found no management effect on species richness and abundance with respect to cover of bees and insect-pollinated plants, but grazing intensity resulted in differences in species composition of insect-pollinated plants. Furthermore, we compared our results with those of a similar study carried out in Switzerland, and the Netherlands, but with different management regimes. There were positive effects of management in Switzerland, but conservation effects were lacking in the Netherlands. Species richness of both bees and insect-pollinated plants was highest in Hungary, intermediate in Switzerland and lowest in the Netherlands. Across all countries, the richness of insect-pollinated plants was a good predictor of bee species richness. Grassland extensification schemes were effective for bees and insect-pollinated plants in the country with intermediate land-Use, intensity and biodiversity only (Switzerland). The absence of effects in the Netherlands may have been caused by the management being highly intensive on both field types. In Hungarian grasslands biodiversity levels were high regardless of management and both investigated stocking rates may be qualified as conservation management. Therefore, agricultural policy in Hungary should encourage the maintenance of a variety of traditional grazing practices for conserving this still highly diverse pollinator fauna. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.