LOOKING INTO THE HEARTS OF BOK GLOBULES: MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM IMAGES OF ISOLATED STAR-FORMING CORES
LOOKING INTO THE HEARTS OF BOK GLOBULES: MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM IMAGES OF ISOLATED STAR-FORMING CORES
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DOI：
10.1088/0067-0049/188/1/139
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发表时间：
2010-04
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通讯作者：
R. Launhardt;D. Nutter;D. Ward-Thompson;T. Bourke;T. Henning;T. Khanzadyan;T. Khanzadyan;M. Schmalzl;S. Wolf;S. Wolf;R. Zylka
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作者：
R. Launhardt;D. Nutter;D. Ward-Thompson;T. Bourke;T. Henning;T. Khanzadyan;T. Khanzadyan;M. Schmalzl;S. Wolf;S. Wolf;R. Zylka
我们给出了32个BOK球体中孤立的低质量恒星形成核的红外、亚毫米和毫米级连续发射的综合研究结果，目的是研究这些区域的恒星形成过程。利用亚毫米和毫米级尘埃连续发射图以及光谱能量分布来模拟和得出恒星形成核的物理性质，如光度、大小、质量、密度等。利用与地面近红外和来自Spitzer的空间中和远红外图像的比较，揭示了BOK球体的恒星含量、嵌入的年轻恒星物体与亚毫米尘埃核心的联系以及单个源的演化阶段。在观察到的32个球状核心中，有26个探测到亚毫米尘埃连续发射。对于探测到(亚)毫米核的18个球体，我们推导出了嵌入源的演化阶段和物理参数。我们确定了九个没有恒星的核心，其中大部分可能是前恒星，九个0类原恒星和12个I类YSO。具体的源属性，如测热温度、核大小和中心密度，作为演化阶段的函数进行了讨论。我们发现，在这里研究的恒星形成球体中，至少有三分之二(24个中的16个)有证据表明，在1000到50,000 AU之间的尺度上形成了多颗恒星。然而，我们也发现，这些小的原星和恒星群中的大多数都是由不同演化阶段的源组成的，这表明在孤立的球体中形成恒星的过程是缓慢的和连续的。
We present the results of a comprehensive infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter continuum emission study of isolated low-mass star-forming cores in 32 Bok globules, with the aim to investigate the process of star formation in these regions. The submillimeter and millimeter dust continuum emission maps together with the spectral energy distributions are used to model and derive the physical properties of the star-forming cores, such as luminosities, sizes, masses, densities, etc. Comparisons with ground-based near-infrared and space-based mid- and far-infrared images from Spitzer are used to reveal the stellar content of the Bok globules, association of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) with the submillimeter dust cores, and the evolutionary stages of the individual sources. Submillimeter dust continuum emission was detected in 26 out of the 32 globule cores observed. For 18 globules with detected (sub)millimeter cores, we derive evolutionary stages and physical parameters of the embedded sources. We identify nine starless cores, most of which are presumably prestellar, nine Class 0 protostars, and twelve Class I YSOs. Specific source properties like bolometric temperature, core size, and central densities are discussed as a function of evolutionary stage. We find that at least two thirds (16 out of 24) of the star-forming globules studied here show evidence of forming multiple stars on scales between 1000 and 50,000 AU. However, we also find that most of these small prototstar and star groups are comprised of sources with different evolutionary stages, suggesting a picture of slow and sequential star formation in isolated globules.