A novel locus of resistance to severe malaria in a region of ancient balancing selection.
A novel locus of resistance to severe malaria in a region of ancient balancing selection.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature15390
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发表时间：
2015-10-08
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kwiatkowski DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network;Band G;Rockett KA;Spencer CC;Kwiatkowski DP
最近的研究集中于处理生物废物，以获得附加值并减少一般河流中的有机废物。以富含镁元素的西葫芦籽为原料，首次采用环境友好的方法制备氧化镁（MgO）。将南瓜籽在550°C下灰化6小时并进行酸浸。然后使用2.0 M NaOH水溶液沉淀Mg（OH）2。然后将Mg（OH）2在550°C下煅烧4小时以获得MgO。物理化学性质（即近似分析，元素组成，电导率（EC），pH值）和选定的重金属（即铅，铁，砷，镉，铬，汞，铜，和镍）的分析进行的种子样品和合成的MgO。采用X射线荧光（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、柠檬酸试验（CAT）和酸中和能力（ANC）等测试手段对合成的MgO进行了表征。结果表明，MgO的产率为23%。所合成的MgO的pH记录为10.63。XRF研究表明，MgO占合成总重量的75.1%。XRD结果表明MgO晶体具有立方结构。FTIR结果显示在584 cm-1处的峰，这证实了MgO的形成。所产生的MgO是高度反应性的，CAT时间为2s。MgO的ANC高，为22.77 mol+/kg。此外，MgO中的金属浓度（如Fe、Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、Hg、As和Cr）分别低于WHO规定的限值350、36、0.8、35、85、0.03、40和100。这意味着它适合于土壤修复目的。结果表明，以西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo，C. Pepo）种子由于其高碱度、反应性和快速CAT时间而可用于多种应用。
Recent studies have focused on the processing of biowaste to obtain added value and to reduce organic waste in the general stream. This study investigated the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) from magnesium-richCucurbita pepo(pumpkin) seeds for a precursor solution as a reducing agent via an eco-friendly method for the first time. The pumpkin seeds were ashed at 550°C for 6 h and subjected to acid-leaching. Mg(OH)2was then precipitated using an aqueous solution of 2.0 M NaOH. The Mg(OH)2was then calcined at 550°C for 4 h to obtain MgO. Physicochemical properties (i.e. proximate analysis, elemental composition, electrical conductivity (EC), pH) and selected heavy metals (i.e. Pb, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, and Ni) analyses were conducted on the seed samples and as-synthesized MgO. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), citric acid test (CAT), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests were techniques used to characterize the synthesized MgO. The results revealed the percentage yield of the MgO to be 23%. The pH of the as-synthesized MgO was recorded as 10.63. XRF studies showed that MgO made up 75.1% of the total weight synthesized. XRD results showed the presence of crystalline cubic structures of MgO. FTIR results showed a peak at 584 cm−1which confirmed the formation of MgO. The produced MgO was highly reactive, with a CAT time of 2 s. The ANC of the MgO was high at 22.77 mol+/kg. Also, metal concentrations such as Fe, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, As, and Cr in MgO were below the WHO stipulated limits of 350, 36, 0.8, 35, 85, 0.03, 40, and 100, respectively. This implies its suitability for soil remediation purposes. Results indicate that the as-synthesized MgO fromCucurbita pepo(C. pepo) seeds could be used for several applications due to its high alkalinity, reactivity, and fast CAT time.