Early Cretaceous mealybug herbivory on a laurel highlights the deep‐time history of angiosperm–scale insect associations
Early Cretaceous mealybug herbivory on a laurel highlights the deep‐time history of angiosperm–scale insect associations
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早白垩世月桂树上的粉蚧食草凸显了被子植物鳞状昆虫群落的深层历史
DOI：
10.1111/nph.17672
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Dong Ren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lifang Xiao;Conrad C. Lab;eira;Yair Ben‐Dov;S. Augusta Maccracken;Chungkun Shih;David L. Dilcher;Dong Ren
昆虫流体取食化石维管植物是一种不引人注目且未被充分认识的食草模式，它可以为深时间生态关联的进化提供新的数据，并表明古代食草昆虫对寄主植物的偏好。以前的化石研究已经记录了刺穿和吸吮食草动物，但往往无法确定罪魁祸首昆虫分类群。一种证据是刺穿和吸吮昆虫留下的刺痕和鳞片昆虫的印痕，这些印痕偶尔为特定食草昆虫的系统身份和关系提供线索。我们在此报告了早期被子植物中最早出现的刺穿和吸血现象，这些证据来自于鳞片昆虫的覆盖、印痕、刺孔和身体化石，特别是来自于美国内布拉斯加州东南部达科他组（约103 Ma）的下白垩纪玫瑰溪植物群的粉虫。粉蚧和其他两种蚧虫类群，以及玫瑰溪月桂叶和种子植物茎上几种不同的伤害类型，记录了早期被子植物上不同的刺穿和吸血昆虫。早白垩世雌性粉蚧的发现表明与月桂寄主的早期草食性联系。这些数据为早期被子植物多样化过程中蚧虫及其寄主植物的共关联和可能的共同进化提供了直接证据。
Insect fluid‐feeding on fossil vascular plants is an inconspicuous and underappreciated mode of herbivory that can provide novel data on the evolution of deep‐time ecological associations and indicate the host‐plant preferences of ancient insect herbivores. Previous fossil studies have documented piercing‐and‐sucking herbivory but often are unable to identify culprit insect taxa.One line of evidence are punctures and scale‐insect impression marks made by piercing‐and‐sucking insects that occasionally provide clues to the systematic identities and relationships of particular insect herbivores.We report here the earliest occurrences of piercing and sucking on early angiosperms as evidenced by scale insect covers, impression marks, punctures and body fossils – notably a mealybug – from the Lower Cretaceous Rose Creek Flora of the Dakota Formation (c. 103 Ma), in southeastern Nebraska, USA. The mealybug, two other scale insect taxa, and several distinctive damage types on laurel leaves and seed‐plant stems at Rose Creek document a diverse guild of piercing‐and‐sucking insects on early angiosperms.The discovery of an Early Cretaceous female mealybug indicates an early herbivorous association with a laurel host. These data provide direct evidence for co‐associations and possible coevolution of scale insects and their plant hosts during early angiosperm diversification.