Glutamate and dopamine in schizophrenia: an update for the 21st century.
Glutamate and dopamine in schizophrenia: an update for the 21st century.
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881114563634
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stone J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Howes O;McCutcheon R;Stone J
谷氨酸和多巴胺假说是精神分裂症病因学的主要理论。这两种方法最初都是基于由尸检结果支持的药理学研究的间接证据，但后来由于体内成像研究的新证据而得到了实质性的进展。本文综述了精神分裂症多巴胺和谷氨酸异常的最新研究结果，重点介绍了患者和临床高危人群的体内神经影像学研究，并考虑了其对理解精神分裂症生物学和治疗的意义。这些发现完善了多巴胺和谷氨酸假设，使解剖学和功能特异性更强，并得到了临床前证据的补充，显示精神分裂症的风险因素如何影响多巴胺和谷氨酸系统。这一新的证据的影响，了解精神分裂症的发展和治疗被认为是，并在目前的知识突出的差距。最后的证据谷氨酸和多巴胺系统之间的相互作用的综合模型进行审查，并讨论了未来的发展方向。
The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoaetiology of schizophrenia. Both were initially based on indirect evidence from pharmacological studies supported by post-mortem findings, but have since been substantially advanced by new lines of evidence from in vivo imaging studies. This review provides an up- date on the latest findings on dopamine and glutamate abnormalities in schizophrenia, focusing on the in vivo neuroimaging studies in patients and clinical high risk groups, and considers their implications for understanding the biology and treatment of schizophrenia. These findings have refined both the dopamine and glutamate hypotheses, enabling greater anatomical and functional specificity, and have been complemented by preclinical evidence showing how the risk factors for schizophrenia impact on the dopamine and glutamate systems. The implications of this new evidence for understanding the development and treatment of schizophrenia are considered, and the gaps in current knowledge highlighted. Finally the evidence for an integrated model of the interactions between the glutamate and dopamine systems is reviewed, and future directions discussed.