What Drives National Differences in Intensive Grandparental Childcare in Europe?
What Drives National Differences in Intensive Grandparental Childcare in Europe?
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbv007
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tinker A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di Gessa G;Glaser K;Price D;Ribe E;Tinker A
祖父母在照顾孙辈方面发挥着重要作用，尽管欧洲各地的祖父母密集育儿方式差异很大。很少有研究明确调查这种跨国差异与个人人口和社会经济分布沿着背景结构和文化因素（例如，女性劳动力参与、儿童保育和文化态度的差异）。我们使用多层次模型来研究密集的祖父母儿童保育和背景结构和文化因素之间的关联，控制祖父母，父母和儿童的特征，使用全国代表性的数据从健康，老龄化和退休调查在欧洲。即使控制人口和社会经济分布的跨国差异，背景结构因素发挥了重要作用，在解释祖父母育儿的变化在欧洲。特别是，在年轻妇女和老年妇女劳动力参与率较低的国家，以及正规托儿服务较少的国家，祖父母密集托儿服务水平较高，在这些国家，有薪工作的母亲几乎每天都依赖祖父母的支持。鼓励老年妇女继续从事有报酬的工作可能会对照顾孙辈产生影响，而这反过来又可能影响母亲的就业，特别是在几乎没有正规托儿服务的南欧国家。
Grandparents play an important role in looking after grandchildren, although intensive grandparental childcare varies considerably across Europe. Few studies have explicitly investigated the extent to which such cross-national variations are associated with national level differences in individual demographic and socio-economic distributions along with contextual-structural and cultural factors (e.g., variations in female labor force participation, childcare provision, and cultural attitudes). We used multilevel models to examine associations between intensive grandparental childcare and contextual-structural and cultural factors, after controlling for grandparent, parent, and child characteristics using nationally representative data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Even controlling for cross-national differences in demographic and socio-economic distributions, contextual-structural factors play an important role in explaining grandparental childcare variations in Europe. In particular, higher levels of intensive grandparental childcare are found in countries with low labor force participation among younger and older women, and low formal childcare provision, where mothers in paid work largely rely on grandparental support on an almost daily basis. Encouraging older women to remain in paid work is likely to have an impact on grandchild care which in turn may affect mothers’ employment, particularly in Southern European countries where there is little formal childcare.