Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2014.
Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2014.
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000000645
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bouchard C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loos RJ;Hagberg JM;Pérusse L;Roth SM;Sarzynski MA;Wolfarth B;Rankinen T;Bouchard C
这是对运动基因组学文献的年度回顾，在其中我们报告了2014年发表的最高质量的论文。我们在多个领域确定了一些值得注意的论文。在70至89岁的人群中，只有19%的ACE II纯合子在长达一年的体力活动计划后步态速度有显著改善，而ACE D等位基因携带者的这一比例为30%。新的研究继续支持这样的观点，即通过基因组风险评分(GRS；基于多个SNPs)证明的肥胖遗传易感性，与久坐不动的人相比，在体育活动的人中减弱了40%-50%。一项研究报告称，在心肺功能良好的个体中，高甘油三酯血症的多基因风险降低了30%-40%。一份报告显示，2型糖尿病GRS与体力活动之间存在显著的相互作用，积极运动的人患糖尿病的风险最低。保护作用以低位GRS组最明显(HR=0.82)。观察到的与糖尿病GRS的相互作用似乎依赖于胰岛素抵抗的遗传易感性，而不是胰岛素分泌。观察到PPARα序列变异和体力活动水平对心脏代谢风险的显著交互作用，只有在特定基因和单倍型的携带者中，较高的活动水平与较低的风险相关。综述最后讨论了当非常大的人群或干预发现研究不可行或成本过高时重复研究的重要性。
This is the annual review of the exercise genomics literature in which we report on the highest quality papers published in 2014. We identified a number of noteworthy papers across a number of fields. In 70 to 89 years old, only 19% of ACE II homozygotes exhibited significant improvement in gait speed in response to a year-long physical activity program compared to 30% of ACE D-allele carriers. New studies continue to support the notion that the genetic susceptibility to obesity, as evidenced by a genomic risk score (GRS; based on multiple SNPs), is attenuated by 40-50% in individuals who are physically active, compare to those who are sedentary. One study reported that the polygenic risk for hypertriglyceridemia was reduced by 30-40% in individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness. One report showed that there was a significant interaction of a type 2 diabetes GRS with physical activity, with active individuals having the lowest risk of developing diabetes. The protective effect of was most pronounced in the low GRS tertile (HR=0.82). The interaction observed with the diabetes GRS appeared to be dependent on a genetic susceptibility to insulin resistance and not insulin secretion. A significant interaction between PPARα sequence variants and physical activity levels on cardiometabolic risk was observed, with higher activity levels associated with lower risk only in carriers of specific genotypes and haplotypes. The review concludes with a discussion of the importance of replication studies when very large population or intervention discovery studies are not feasible or are cost prohibitive.