Integrating neuroplasticity and evolution
Integrating neuroplasticity and evolution
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.002
复制
发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
C. Axelrod;S. Gordon;B. Carlson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Axelrod;S. Gordon;B. Carlson
一个多世纪以来，神经可塑性和进化生物学一直是重要的研究领域。然而，它们在很大程度上是独立进步的，没有考虑集成的好处。我们提出了一个新的框架，研究人员可以通过该框架开始研究神经可塑性的进化原因和后果。神经可塑性可以定义为神经系统的结构、功能或连接因个人经历而发生的变化。如果群体内部和群体之间的神经可塑性特征存在差异，进化就会改变神经可塑性的水平。自然选择可能会青睐或不青睐神经可塑性，具体取决于环境的变化和神经可塑性的成本。此外，神经可塑性可能以多种方式影响遗传进化速率：例如，通过缓冲选择来降低进化速率，或者通过鲍德温效应来增加进化速率，通过增加遗传变异或通过将进化的外周变化纳入神经系统。这些机制可以通过比较和实验方法以及通过检查物种、群体和个体之间神经可塑性变化的模式和后果来测试。
Neuroplasticity and evolutionary biology have been prominent fields of study for well over a century. However, they have advanced largely independently, without consideration of the benefits of integration. We propose a new framework by which researchers can begin to examine the evolutionary causes and consequences of neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity can be defined as changes to the structure, function or connections of the nervous system in response to individual experience. Evolution can alter levels of neuroplasticity if there is variation in neuroplasticity traits within and between populations. Neuroplasticity may be favored or disfavored by natural selection depending on the variability of the environment and the costs of neuroplasticity. Additionally, neuroplasticity may affect rates of genetic evolution in many ways: for example, decreasing rates of evolution by buffering against selection or increasing them via the Baldwin effect, by increasing genetic variation or by incorporating evolved peripheral changes to the nervous system. These mechanisms can be tested using comparative and experimental approaches and by examining patterns and consequences of variation in neuroplasticity among species, populations and individuals.