Social Odors: Alarm Pheromones and Social Buffering
Social Odors: Alarm Pheromones and Social Buffering
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2015_406
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kiyokawa, Yasushi
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作者：
Kiyokawa, Yasushi
在这一章中，我描述了两种类型的嗅觉交流大鼠，这似乎引起焦虑和救济，分别。在警报信息素通信，大鼠释放4-甲基戊醛和己醛从他们的肛周区域时，他们强调。当犁鼻系统和主要嗅觉系统同时检测到4-甲基戊醛和己醛时，这些分子激活焦虑回路，包括终纹的床核。因此，受体大鼠表现出各种焦虑反应，这取决于威胁性刺激。在安抚嗅觉通讯中，非应激大鼠释放安抚嗅觉信号，该信号被其他大鼠的主要嗅觉系统检测到。当被检测到时，这种嗅觉信号抑制杏仁核基底外侧复合体的激活，因此，改善了在社会缓冲现象期间由听觉条件刺激引起的应激反应。由于社会缓冲似乎是基于对陪伴动物的亲和力和依恋，安抚嗅觉信号可能会引起大鼠的缓解。由于社会缓冲这一术语还没有一个固定的定义，本文还提出了一个社会缓冲的定义。
In this chapter, I describe 2 types of olfactory communication in rats, which appear to arouse anxiety and relief, respectively. In alarm pheromonal communication, rats release 4-methylpentanal and hexanal from their perianal region when they are stressed. These molecules activate the anxiety circuit, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, when 4-methylpentanal and hexanal are simultaneously detected by the vomeronasal system and the main olfactory system, respectively. Consequently, recipient rats show a variety of anxiety responses, depending on the threatening stimuli. In appeasing olfactory communication, non-stressed rats release an appeasing olfactory signal, which is detected by the main olfactory system of other rats. When detected, this olfactory signal suppresses activation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala and, as a result, ameliorates stress responses elicited by an auditory conditioned stimulus during social buffering phenomenon. Because social buffering appears to be based on affinity and attachment to accompanying animals, the appeasing olfactory signal may arouse relief in rats. A definition of social buffering is also proposed as we still have no set definition for the term social buffering yet.