When encoding yields remembering: insights from event-related neuroimaging.
When encoding yields remembering: insights from event-related neuroimaging.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1999.0481
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发表时间：
1999-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Wagner;W. Koutstaal;D. Schacter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wagner;W. Koutstaal;D. Schacter
要理解人类的记忆，重要的是要确定为什么有些经历会被记住，而另一些则会被遗忘。直到最近，对人类记忆编码的神经基础的洞察，也就是信息转化为持久记忆痕迹的过程，主要来自对患有特定大脑损伤的人类的神经心理学研究。功能神经成像方法的出现，如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和功能磁共振成像(FMRI)，为进一步了解大脑如何支持记忆形成提供了新的机会。重要的是，最近发展的事件相关功能磁共振成像方法现在允许在编码过程中逐个试验地检查神经活动的差异，以及这些差异对以后记忆的影响。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了正电子发射计算机断层扫描和功能磁共振成像研究对理解记忆编码的贡献，特别强调了最近对DM效应的事件相关功能磁共振研究：即编码过程中神经活动的差异，这与后续记忆的差异有关。然后，我们将注意力转向从事件相关电位(ERPs)研究中涌现出来的关于DM效应的丰富文献。人们希望，事件相关功能磁共振研究(提供更高的时间分辨率)和事件相关功能磁共振研究(提供更高空间分辨率)的研究结果相结合，将为编码何时以及为什么产生后续记忆提供新的线索。
To understand human memory, it is important to determine why some experiences are remembered whereas others are forgotten. Until recently, insights into the neural bases of human memory encoding, the processes by which information is transformed into an enduring memory trace, have primarily been derived from neuropsychological studies of humans with select brain lesions. The advent of functional neuroimaging methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has provided a new opportunity to gain additional understanding of how the brain supports memory formation. Importantly, the recent development of event-related fMRI methods now allows for examination of trial-by-trial differences in neural activity during encoding and of the consequences of these differences for later remembering. In this review, we consider the contributions of PET and fMRI studies to the understanding of memory encoding, placing a particular emphasis on recent event-related fMRI studies of the Dm effect: that is, differences in neural activity during encoding that are related to differences in subsequent memory. We then turn our attention to the rich literature on the Dm effect that has emerged from studies using event-related potentials (ERPs). It is hoped that the integration of findings from ERP studies, which offer higher temporal resolution, with those from event-related fMRI studies, which offer higher spatial resolution, will shed new light on when and why encoding yields subsequent remembering.