Spore Resistance Properties
Spore Resistance Properties
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.tbs-0003-2012
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Setlow, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Setlow, Peter
各种芽孢杆菌属和梭菌属物种的孢子是已知的最具抗性的生命形式之一。由于一些物种的孢子是许多食物腐败、食物中毒和人类疾病的病原体，并且炭疽芽孢杆菌的孢子是主要的生物武器，因此对孢子抗性的机制以及如何杀死这些孢子非常感兴趣。这篇文章将讨论孢子抵抗剂，如湿热，干燥，紫外线和γ-辐射，水解细菌细胞壁的酶，和各种有毒化学品，包括遗传毒性剂，氧化剂，醛，酸，碱的因素。这些抗性因素包括孢子的外层，如使反应性化学品解毒的厚蛋白质外壳;限制有毒化学品进入含有孢子DNA和大多数酶的孢子核心的相对不渗透的孢子内膜;孢子核心中的低含水量和高水平的吡啶二羧酸，其保护核心大分子免受热和干燥的影响;孢子DNA与一组新的蛋白质的饱和，保护DNA免受热，遗传毒性化学品和辐射;以及当孢子萌发和恢复生命时对DNA的辐射损伤的修复。尽管它们具有极强的抵抗力，但孢子可以被杀死，包括通过对DNA、关键的孢子蛋白、孢子内膜和孢子萌发器的一种或多种组分的破坏。
Spores of various Bacillus and Clostridium species are among the most resistant life forms known. Since the spores of some species are causative agents of much food spoilage, food poisoning, and human disease, and the spores of Bacillus anthracis are a major bioweapon, there is much interest in the mechanisms of spore resistance and how these spores can be killed. This article will discuss the factors involved in spore resistance to agents such as wet and dry heat, desiccation, UV and gamma-radiation, enzymes that hydrolyze bacterial cell walls, and a variety of toxic chemicals, including genotoxic agents, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, acid, and alkali. These resistance factors include the outer layers of the spore, such as the thick proteinaceous coat that detoxifies reactive chemicals; the relatively impermeable inner spore membrane that restricts access of toxic chemicals to the spore core containing the spore's DNA and most enzymes; the low water content and high level of dipicolinic acid in the spore core that protect core macromolecules from the effects of heat and desiccation; the saturation of spore DNA with a novel group of proteins that protect the DNA against heat, genotoxic chemicals, and radiation; and the repair of radiation damage to DNA when spores germinate and return to life. Despite their extreme resistance, spores can be killed, including by damage to DNA, crucial spore proteins, the spore's inner membrane, and one or more components of the spore germination apparatus.