Communications approach to image steganography
Communications approach to image steganography
复制标题
图像隐写术的通信方法
DOI：
10.1117/12.465284
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Girod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Eggers;R. Bäuml;B. Girod
隐写术是通过将消息嵌入到多媒体数据中来传达消息的艺术。期望最大化隐藏信息的量（嵌入率），同时保持安全性以防止未授权方的检测。Cachin提出了一种适合于隐写术的信息论模型。一个隐写系统是完全安全的，当覆盖数据和隐写数据的统计量是相同的，这意味着覆盖数据和隐写数据之间的相对熵为零。对于图像数据，另一个约束是隐写数据必须看起来像典型图像。这个属性的一个易于处理的客观措施是（加权）之间的覆盖图像和隐写图像（嵌入失真）的均方误差。两种不同的方案进行了研究。第一个是来自盲水印方案。第二个方案是专门为隐写而设计的，可以实现完美的安全性，这意味着覆盖数据和隐写数据之间的相对熵趋于零。在这种情况下，假设无噪声通信信道。这两种方案都以流行的JPEG格式存储隐写图像。从安全性、嵌入失真度和嵌入率等方面对方案的性能进行了比较。
Steganography is the art of communicating a message by embedding it into multimedia data. It is desired to maximize the amount of hidden information (embedding rate) while preserving security against detection by unauthorized parties. An appropriate information-theoretic model for steganography has been proposed by Cachin. A steganographic system is perfectly secure when the statistics of the cover data and the stego data are identical, which means that the relative entropy between the cover data and the stego data is zero. For image data, another constraint is that the stego data must look like a typical image. A tractable objective measure for this property is the (weighted) mean squared error between the cover image and the stego image (embedding distortion). Two different schemes are investigated. The first one is derived from a blind watermarking scheme. The second scheme is designed specifically for steganography such that perfect security is achieved, which means that the relative entropy between cover data and stego data tends to zero. In this case, a noiseless communication channel is assumed. Both schemes store the stego image in the popular JPEG format. The performance of the schemes is compared with respect to security, embedding distortion and embedding rate.