Body size allometry impacts flight-related morphology and metabolic rates in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata
Body size allometry impacts flight-related morphology and metabolic rates in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104275
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发表时间：
2021-07-17
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bowsher, Julia H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grula, Courtney C.;Rinehart, Joseph P.;Bowsher, Julia H.
个体大小与生活史的许多方面有关，包括觅食距离和授粉效率。在独居蜜蜂中，控制幼虫的饮食量会产生成虫体型的种内差异。本研究的目的是确定如何身体大小的影响代谢率，异速生长和飞行相关的形态学在苜蓿切叶蜂，切叶蜂圆。通过限制或提供多余的食物，我们产生了一系列的身体大小，这使我们能够测试身体大小对异速生长的影响，飞行所需的动力，以及通过二氧化碳排放间接测量的能量产生量。飞行过程中所需的力量，预测使用的飞行生物力学公式的翼载荷和多余的权力指数。我们发现，较大的蜜蜂在休息和飞行期间有较高的绝对代谢率，但较小的蜜蜂在休息时有较高的质量特定代谢率。在飞行过程中，蜜蜂没有大小相关的差异，在特定的质量代谢率。随着蜜蜂体型的增加，它们的胸部和腹侧变得不成比例地大，而它们的翅膀（面积和长度）变得不成比例地小。飞行生物力学公式表明，小蜜蜂在飞行过程中有更多的权力。较小的身体尺寸是有利的，因为飞行所需的动力减少，而没有代谢成本。
Body size is related to many aspects of life history, including foraging distance and pollination efficiency. In solitary bees, manipulating the amount of larval diet produces intraspecific differences in adult body size. The goal of this study was to determine how body size impacts metabolic rates, allometry, and flight-related morphometrics in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata. By restricting or providing excess food, we produced a range of body sizes, which allowed us to test the effect of body size on allometry, the power required for flight, and amount of energy produced, as measured indirectly through CO2 emission. The power required during flight was predicted using the flight biomechanical formulas for wing loading and excess power index. We found larger bees had higher absolute metabolic rates at rest and during flight, but smaller bees had higher mass-specific metabolic rates at rest. During flight, bees did not have size-related differences in mass-specific metabolic rate. As bees increase in size, their thorax and abdomens become disproportionately larger, while their wings (area, and length) become disproportionately smaller. Smaller bees had more power available during flight as demonstrated by flight biomechanical formulas. Smaller body size was advantageous because of a reduced power requirement for flight with no metabolic cost.