EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN DAIRY-CATTLE - ASSOCIATIONS AMONG HOST CHARACTERISTICS, DISEASE AND PRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN DAIRY-CATTLE - ASSOCIATIONS AMONG HOST CHARACTERISTICS, DISEASE AND PRODUCTION
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DOI：
10.1016/0167-5877(90)90020-i
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
SALONIEMI, HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GROHN, Y;ERB, HN;SALONIEMI, HS
使用逻辑回归研究宿主特征、生产和 23 种兽医诊断对 10 种生殖疾病风险的影响。对于每个哺乳记录中的每种生殖疾病，该哺乳期的所有先前疾病事件都被检查为可能的危险因素。为了使危险因素疾病有平等的机会被计入病例和对照中，我们为对照记录分配了虚拟牛奶天数 (DIM) 变量。分配是随机的，但与该疾病病例的 DIM 分布成比例。该数据集基于 61,124 头芬兰艾尔郡奶牛，这些奶牛来自有产奶记录的牛群，这些奶牛在 1983 年产犊。每头牛在产犊到下一次产犊或从牛群中移出之前都接受观察 2 天。百分之二十的奶牛因生殖障碍而接受兽医治疗。哺乳期发生率（%）为：难产，1.2；子宫脱垂，0.2；胎盘滞留，4.4；早期子宫炎，2.3；安静的热量，4.9；囊性卵巢，6.8；阴道脱垂，0.1；晚期子宫炎，1.1；其他不孕症，2.1；堕胎，0.4。随着胎次的增加，无声热和其他不孕症的风险降低，难产（第一次产犊后）、胎盘滞留和卵巢囊肿的风险增加。产次并不能解释其他生殖疾病的发生率。 9月至2月（暗季）产犊的奶牛比淡季产犊的早期子宫炎、静热、囊肿和其他不孕症的风险更高。前一哺乳期群体产奶量较高，会增加胎盘滞留、早期子宫炎和晚期子宫炎的风险；当前哺乳期的牛群产量较高会增加难产和卵巢囊肿的风险。随着个体奶牛产奶量的增加，胎盘滞留、早期子宫炎、隐热、卵巢囊肿、其他生育能力和流产的风险也随之增加。大多数生殖障碍都是相互关联的。六种非生殖疾病（非临产性轻瘫、乳房水肿、室内和室外低镁血症、瘤胃酸中毒和慢性乳腺炎）不是任何生殖疾病的危险因素。在其他非生殖疾病中，临床产妇轻瘫是难产、子宫脱垂、胎盘滞留和早期子宫炎的危险因素。临床酮症与静热、囊性卵巢和其他不孕症有关；皱胃疾病、外伤性直肠腹膜炎、急性乳腺炎和足部或腿部损伤也导致早期子宫炎。没有任何疾病具有保护作用。
Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of host characteristics, production and 23 veterinary diagnoses on the risks of 10 reproductive disorders. For each reproductive disease in each lactation record, all prior disease events in that lactation were examined as possible risk factors. To make an equal opportunity for risk-factor diseases to be counted as present in both cases and controls, a dummy days in milk (DIM) variable was assigned to control records. The assignment was random, but in proportion to the distribution of the DIM for the cases of that disease. The data set was based on 61,124 Finnish Ayrshire cows, from milk-recorded herds, who calved during 1983. Each cow was under observation for 2 days before calving to the following calving or to removal from the herd. Twenty percent of the cows were treated by a veterinarian for reproductive disorders. Lactational incidence rates (%) were: dystocia, 1.2; prolapsed uterus, 0.2; retained placenta, 4.4; early metritis, 2.3; silent heat, 4.9; cystic ovary, 6.8; prolapsed vagina, 0.1; late metritis, 1.1; other infertility, 2.1; abortion, 0.4. The risk of silent heat and other infertility decreased and the risk of dystocia (after the first calving), retained placenta and ovarian cyst increased with increased parity. Parity did not explain the incidences of the other reproductive disorders. The cows calving during September-February (the dark season) had higher risks of early metritis, silent heat, cyst and other infertility than those calving during the light season. Higher herd milk yield in the previous lactation increased the risks of retained placenta, early metritis and late metritis; higher herd yield in the current lactation increased risks of dystocia and of ovarian cyst. The risks of retained placenta, early metritis, silent heat, ovarian cyst, other fertility and abortion also increased with increased individual-cow''s milk yield. Most reproductive disorders were interrelated. Six non-reproductive disorders (non-parturient paresis, udder edema, indoor and outdoor hypomagnesemia, rumen acidosis and chronic mastitis) were not risk factors for any of the reproductive disorders. Of the other non-reproductive disorders, clinical parturient paresis was a risk factor for dystocia, prolapsed uterus, retained placenta, and early metritis; clinical ketosis was associated with silent heat, cystic ovary and other infertility; disorder of the abomasum, traumatic recticuloperitonitis, acute mastitis and foot or leg injury also contributed to early metritis. No disorders were protective.