Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Physicochemical Attributes of Strawberry under Subtropical Climate Conditions
Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Physicochemical Attributes of Strawberry under Subtropical Climate Conditions
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy11071391
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nunes, Maria Cecilia do Nascimento
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agehara, Shinsuke;Nunes, Maria Cecilia do Nascimento
冬季产区草莓（Fragaria xananassa Duch.）的产量受早季氮（N）施肥的影响很大，特别是在不施播前氮肥的情况下。在美国佛罗里达州，早季大量施氮是一种常见的施肥做法，但人们对其对果实品质的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是研究季节和早季氮肥对亚热带气候条件下生长的“佛罗里达光辉”草莓的产量和理化特性的影响。在佛罗里达州中西部地区进行了两个生长季节的田间实验。在早期营养生长阶段，用三种施氮量（1.12、1.68 和 2.24 kg/ha/d）对植物进行 21 天的处理。此后，所有植物均以 1.12 kg/ha/d 的相同施氮量进行处理，直至季节结束。增加早季施氮量可使商品产量提高 15% 至 18%，但对果实的任何品质属性没有显着影响。相反，两个季节的适销产量相似，而水果品质则表现出显着的季节性变化。在果实发育期太阳辐射较高、气温、相对湿度和降雨量较低的季节，浆果颜色较红，花青素积累增多，但pH、酸度和可溶性固形物较低。这些结果表明，季节对果实品质的影响比早季施氮肥更大，由于果实品质属性和环境条件之间的相互作用，剖析起来很复杂。早季使用高氮肥似乎是提高冬季草莓生产盈利能力的有效策略。重要的是，这种施肥技术影响果实品质或肥料氮利用效率的风险最小。
Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) yields in winter production regions are greatly affected by early-season nitrogen (N) fertilization, especially when pre-plant N is not applied. In Florida, United States, applying N at high rates during the early season is a common fertilization practice, but little is known about its impact on fruit quality. The objective of this study was to examine season and early-season N fertilization effects on yield and physicochemical attributes of 'Florida Radiance' strawberry grown under subtropical climate conditions. Field experiments were conducted in west-central Florida over two growing seasons. Plants were treated with three N rates (1.12, 1.68, and 2.24 kg/ha/d) over 21 days during the early vegetative growth stage. Thereafter, all plants were treated with the same N rate of 1.12 kg/ha/d until the end of the season. Increasing the early-season N rate increased marketable yield by 15% to 18%, but it had no significant effect on any fruit quality attributes. Contrarily, marketable yield was similar in both seasons, whereas fruit quality showed remarkable seasonal variations. In the season with higher solar radiation and lower temperature, RH, and rainfall during the fruit development period, berries were redder with increased anthocyanin accumulation but had lower pH, acidity, and soluble solids. These results suggest that season has a greater effect on fruit quality than early-season N fertilization, which is complex to dissect because of the interaction between fruit quality attributes and environmental conditions. The use of high N rates during the early season appears to be an effective strategy to improve the profitability of winter strawberry production. Importantly, this fertilization technique has a minimal risk of compromising fruit quality or fertilizer N use efficiency.