Screening for cancer: evaluating the evidence.
Screening for cancer: evaluating the evidence.
复制标题
癌症筛查：评估证据。
作者：
T. J. Gates
许多患者希望接受癌症筛查。在评估筛查程序时，医生必须考虑到前置时间、长度和筛查偏差的已知影响，所有这些都可能导致对筛查益处的高估。评价筛查试验的金标准仍然是前瞻性随机对照试验，证明发病率和死亡率降低。从筛查中获益的程度最好用需要筛查的患者数量来表示。对于经证实的筛查干预措施，该值范围约为500至1，100。这些概念在目前宫颈癌、肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的筛查建议中的争议中得到了说明，这些癌症占美国癌症死亡人数的50%以上。
Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evaluated remains the prospective, randomized controlled trial, demonstrating reduced morbidity and mortality. The magnitude of benefit from screening is best expressed in terms of the number of patients needed to screen. This value ranges from approximately 500 to 1,100 for proven screening interventions. These concepts are illustrated by controversies in current screening recommendations for cancers of the cervix, lung, colon, breast and prostate, which together account for more than 50 percent of cancer deaths in the United States.
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
MANDEL, JS;BOND, JH;EDERER, F
通讯作者：
EDERER, F
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Imperiale, TF;Wagner, DR;Ransohoff, DF
通讯作者：
Ransohoff, DF