Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity.
Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity.
复制标题
毒死蜱和马拉硫磷对行为和大脑大小具有相反的影响，且与乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化无关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.002
复制
发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Creton R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richendrfer H;Creton R
有机磷酸盐是一种具有神经毒性的农药，在全球范围内用于防治农田害虫，因此在大量传统食品中都有发现。这些农药如果大量摄入或吸入，会引起中枢和周围神经系统乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的显著降低，是有害的，甚至可能致命。然而，暴露于少量杀虫剂对发育过程中神经系统和行为的影响知之甚少。在目前的研究中，我们使用斑马鱼幼虫，以确定两种最广泛使用的有机磷酸盐，毒死蜱和马拉硫磷，对斑马鱼行为和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。在胚胎和幼虫发育的不同时间点暴露于有机磷，然后在受精后5天检测行为、神经发育和乙酰胆碱酯酶异常。研究结果表明，毒死蜱和马拉硫磷会导致幼虫在游泳速度（少活动vs多活动）和休息等方面的相反行为。此外，在发育的特定时间点，农药只影响某些与乙酰胆碱酯酶活性变化无关的行为，如吸虫性。在受精后5天，马拉硫磷处理而非毒死蜱处理的幼虫前脑和后脑区域也显著小于对照组。我们的结论是，在发育期间暴露于极低浓度的有机磷农药会导致行为和大脑大小的异常。
Organophosphates, a type of neurotoxicant pesticide, are used globally for the treatment of pests on croplands and are therefore found in a large number of conventional foods. These pesticides are harmful and potentially deadly if ingested or inhaled in large quantities by causing a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the central and peripheral nervous system. However, much less is known about the effects of exposure to small quantities of the pesticides on neural systems and behavior during development. In the current study we used zebrafish larvae in order to determine the effects of two of the most widely used organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and malathion, on zebrafish behavior and AChE activity. Embryos and larvae were exposed to the organophosphates during different time points in development and then tested at 5 days post-fertilization for behavioral, neurodevelopmental and AChE abnormalities. The results of the study indicate that chlorpyrifos and malathion cause opposing behaviors in the larvae such as swim speed (hypoactivity vs. hyperactivity) and rest. Additionally, the pesticides affect only certain behaviors, such as thigmotaxis, during specific time points in development that are unrelated to changes in AChE activity. Larvae treated with malathion but not chlorpyrifos also had significantly smaller forebrain and hindbrain regions compared to controls by 5 days post-fertilization. We conclude that exposure to very low concentrations of organophosphate pesticides during development cause abnormalities in behavior and brain size.