Correction to “Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics”
Correction to “Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics”
复制标题
修正“全球氮循环：氮预算和动态的关键酶、生物体和过程”
DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00743
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Sigman, Daniel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Xinning;Ward, Bess B.;Sigman, Daniel M.
氮（N）用于许多生命的基本生物分子，它也是环境氧化还原化学的参与者。生物地球化学过程控制生物体可用氮的数量和形式（“固定”氮）。这些相互作用的过程导致N在大多数地表环境中作为近限制养分。本文综述了全球N的地球化学循环及其人为扰动。我们介绍了重要的水库和影响N在环境中的过程，侧重于海洋，其中N循环比陆地系统，这是更异质性更普遍。特别注意的过程中，创造和破坏固定N，因为这些包括固定N的输入/输出预算，最普遍的控制环境N的可用性。我们讨论了前工业的陆地和海洋系统的氮预算和现代的人类活动的N输入的改变。我们总结的证据表明，N作为所需的生物质成分和环境氧化还原中间体的同时作用导致稳定的反馈，往往钝化的影响，N循环扰动在较大的时空尺度，特别是在海洋系统。作为这些反馈的结果，人为的“N问题”是不同于“二氧化碳问题”，更多的地方和全球性，更直接和持久性较低。
Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life’s fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N available to organisms (“fixed” N). These interacting processes result in N acting as the proximate limiting nutrient in most surface environments. Here, we review the global biogeochemical cycle of N and its anthropogenic perturbation. We introduce important reservoirs and processes affecting N in the environment, focusing on the ocean, in which N cycling is more generalizable than in terrestrial systems, which are more heterogeneous. Particular attention is given to processes that create and destroy fixed N because these comprise the fixed N input/output budget, the most universal control on environmental N availability. We discuss preindustrial N budgets for terrestrial and marine systems and their modern-day alteration by N inputs from human activities. We summarize evidence indicating that the simultaneous roles of N as a required biomass constituent and an environmental redox intermediate lead to stabilizing feedbacks that tend to blunt the impact of N cycle perturbations at larger spatiotemporal scales, particularly in marine systems. As a result of these feedbacks, the anthropogenic “N problem” is distinct from the “carbon dioxide problem” in being more local and less global, more immediate and less persistent.