Peroxisomal beta-oxidation--a metabolic pathway with multiple functions.
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation--a metabolic pathway with multiple functions.
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
Y. Poirier;V. D. Antonenkov;T. Glumoff;J. Hiltunen
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作者：
Y. Poirier;V. D. Antonenkov;T. Glumoff;J. Hiltunen
在大多数生物体中，脂肪酸的降解主要通过β -氧化循环进行。在哺乳动物中，β -氧化发生在线粒体和过氧化物酶体中，而植物和大多数真菌只在过氧化物酶体中进行β -氧化循环。虽然在这两种细胞器中参与这一途径的一些酶是相似的，但已经发现了一些不同的生理作用。最近在许多哺乳动物和酵母酶参与β -氧化的结构阐明的进展，揭示了一些底物特异性的基础上。特别令人感兴趣的是1型和2型多功能酶（MFE-1和MFE-2）的结构组织和功能，这两种酶在进化上相距遥远，但催化的总体酶反应相同，但通过相反的立体化学。通过对植物、酵母和动物的敲除突变体的分析，以及利用β -氧化中间体合成聚羟基烷酸作为研究该途径碳通量的工具，收集了参与β -氧化的各种酶的生理作用的新数据。在植物中，对模式植物拟南芥进行的正向和反向遗传学研究揭示了β -氧化在独立于生长所需碳水化合物的萌发过程、胚胎和花朵发育以及植物激素吲哚-3-乙酸和信号分子茉莉酸的产生中所起的新作用。
Fatty acid degradation in most organisms occurs primarily via the beta-oxidation cycle. In mammals, beta-oxidation occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes, whereas plants and most fungi harbor the beta-oxidation cycle only in the peroxisomes. Although several of the enzymes participating in this pathway in both organelles are similar, some distinct physiological roles have been uncovered. Recent advances in the structural elucidation of numerous mammalian and yeast enzymes involved in beta-oxidation have shed light on the basis of the substrate specificity for several of them. Of particular interest is the structural organization and function of the type 1 and 2 multifunctional enzyme (MFE-1 and MFE-2), two enzymes evolutionarily distant yet catalyzing the same overall enzymatic reactions but via opposite stereochemistry. New data on the physiological roles of the various enzymes participating in beta-oxidation have been gathered through the analysis of knockout mutants in plants, yeast and animals, as well as by the use of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis from beta-oxidation intermediates as a tool to study carbon flux through the pathway. In plants, both forward and reverse genetics performed on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed novel roles for beta-oxidation in the germination process that is independent of the generation of carbohydrates for growth, as well as in embryo and flower development, and the generation of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid and the signal molecule jasmonic acid.