Implicit stereotyping and medical decisions: unconscious stereotype activation in practitioners' thoughts about African Americans.
Implicit stereotyping and medical decisions: unconscious stereotype activation in practitioners' thoughts about African Americans.
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2011.300591
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发表时间：
2012-05
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Childs A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moskowitz GB;Stone J;Childs A
我们调查了刻板印象是否会无意识地影响医生的思维和行为，就像他们在其他专业环境中所做的那样，比如执法人员和教师。我们进行了2项研究，以检查是否刻板印象是隐性激活的医生。研究1评估了医生与非裔美国人有关的疾病和治疗方法。研究2将这些（和对照术语）作为计算机化任务的一部分呈现给医生。非裔美国人和白色男性的潜意识图像出现在每个单词之前，并记录对单词的反应时间。当看到非裔美国人的面孔时，医生对刻板印象疾病的反应更快，这表明某些疾病与非裔美国人有着内在的联系。这些疾病不仅包括非裔美国人遗传上易患的疾病，还包括与生物学无关的疾病和社会行为（例如，肥胖、药物滥用）。我们在医生中发现了内隐的刻板印象;他们从未有意识地看到改变的表现。这表明，非洲裔美国人的诊断和治疗可能是有偏见的，即使在没有从业者的意图或意识。
We investigated whether stereotypes unconsciously influence the thinking and behavior of physicians, as they have been shown to do in other professional settings, such as among law enforcement personnel and teachers. We conducted 2 studies to examine whether stereotypes are implicitly activated in physicians. Study 1 assessed what diseases and treatments doctors associate with African Americans. Study 2 presented these (and control terms) to doctors as part of a computerized task. Subliminal images of African American and White men appeared prior to each word, and reaction times to words were recorded. When primed with an African American face, doctors reacted more quickly for stereotypical diseases, indicating an implicit association of certain diseases with African Americans. These comprised not only diseases African Americans are genetically predisposed to, but also conditions and social behaviors with no biological association (e.g., obesity, drug abuse). We found implicit stereotyping among physicians; faces they never consciously saw altered performance. This suggests that diagnoses and treatment of African American patients may be biased, even in the absence of the practitioner's intent or awareness.