Synthesis of additive-free cationic polystyrene particles with controllable size for hollow template applications
Synthesis of additive-free cationic polystyrene particles with controllable size for hollow template applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.048
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发表时间：
2012-02-20
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Okuyama, Kikuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nandiyanto, Asep Bayu Dani;Suhendi, Asep;Okuyama, Kikuo
用于模板应用的有机粒子的合成以促进中空粒子的生产的研究引起了极大的关注。这种研究需求的主要原因是无法获得具有正Zeta电荷的商业模板。本研究的目的是用一步法合成粒径可控(30~300 nm)的纯阳离子聚苯乙烯(PS)粒子，并展示其作为模板在制备中空无机粒子中的应用。与其他方法不同的是，该合成方法是基于在没有任何附加成分(聚合物、表面活性剂、化学品等)的情况下，在水溶液体系中聚合苯乙烯单体。在2，2-偶氮二(异丁酰亚胺)盐酸盐(AIBA)下，以阳离子引发剂促进PS带正Zeta电荷的生成。通过调节反应参数(如温度、苯乙烯和AIBA的浓度)，实现了在纳米范围内对PS颗粒尺寸的精确控制。PS粒子的大小与苯乙烯组成和引发剂用量成正比，但与温度成反比。此外，我们还发现，苯乙烯用量比引发剂用量(4倍以上)对PS尺寸的控制效果更好。由于红外光谱和显微拉曼光谱结果表明，在不同的反应参数下，制得的PS粒子具有纯的组成和均一的聚合物，粒子尺寸的变化是由于成核和粒子生长速率的变化所致。纳米尺寸控制过程的灵活性也促使人们设计了一个方程来预测颗粒尺寸，这对进一步的放大开发将是重要的。最后，PS中负载的Zeta正电荷有助于中空无机粒子(如氧化钨、氧化锆和二氧化硅)的产生，这是使用商业PS粒子时无法实现的，这一点得到了粒子形成机制假说的验证。(C)2011爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Studies on the synthesis of organic particles for template applications for facilitating the production of hollow particles have attracted tremendous attention. The unavailability of the commercial templates with a positive zeta charge is the main reason for this demand of study. The purpose of this study was to spotlight the synthesis of pure and cationic polystyrene (PS) particles with controllable size (from 30 to 300 nm) using a single step and relatively simple and cheap process and to demonstrate their application as the template in the production of hollow inorganic particles. Different from other methods, the synthesis method was based on the polymerization of styrene monomer in an aqueous solution system in the absence of any additional components (polymers, surfactants, chemicals, etc.) under 2,2-azobis (isobutyramidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as a cationic initiator to facilitate the creation of PS with a positive zeta charge. Precise control of the PS particle size in the nanometer range was achieved by the adjustment of reaction parameters (i.e. temperature, and styrene and AIBA concentrations). The size of the PS particles was proportional to the composition of styrene and the amount of initiator but had an inverse-proportional trend to the temperature. In addition, we also found that the styrene amount had more effect than the initiator (more than 4 times) on controlling PS size. Since an FIR pattern and a micro-Raman spectrum results detected that the prepared PS particles had pure composition and homopolymer in spite of varying reaction parameters, the change of the particle size was due to changes in nucleus formation and particle growth rates. Flexibility of the process in the nanometer size control also drove to the devise of an equation to predict the particle size, which would be important for further scale-up development. Finally, the loaded positive zeta charge in the PS made it possible to assist the production of hollow inorganic particles (e.g. tungsten oxide, zirconia, and silica), in which this production could not be achieved when using commercial PS particles, verified by the particle formation mechanism hypothesis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.