Neural control of eye growth and experimental myopia in primates.
Neural control of eye growth and experimental myopia in primates.
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灵长类动物眼睛生长和实验性近视的神经控制。
DOI：
10.1002/9780470514023.ch3
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wiesel,TN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Raviola,E;Wiesel,TN
猕猴在出生后眼睛发育期间，当眼睑融合后将视网膜暴露在无形的阴影中时，就会变得近视。异常视觉输入的影响是眼后段的过度扩张，这一过程似乎是由神经系统控制的。神经系统影响眼睛生长的机制在短尾猕猴（Macaca arctoides）和恒河猴（M。mulatta）。当睫状肌麻痹或视神经被切断时，眼睑融合的北极猴不会发生近视，这表明异常生长是由过度调节引起的。相比之下，睫状肌或视神经部分的麻痹并不能阻止恒河猴近视的发展，这表明在这个物种中，轴向生长是由视网膜控制的。在这两个物种的新生儿眼睑融合导致视网膜血管活性肠多肽（VIP）的显着增加，VIP是包含在一个单一类型的无长突细胞的树突蔓延在中间的内丛状层。VIP水平的增加是否与眼睑融合引起的异常轴向伸长有关仍有待确定。目前，我们也在探索调节对眼睛生长的影响，通过训练幼年的北极猴进行复杂的视觉辨别范式。初步结果表明，在近距离执行视觉任务可能会影响该猕猴物种的眼轴长度和屈光。
Macaque monkeys become myopic when raised with fused lids to expose the retina to formless shadows during the period of postnatal eye development. The effect of the abnormal visual input is an excessive expansion of the posterior segment of the eye, a process that seems to be controlled by the nervous system. The mechanism by which the nervous system influences eye growth appears to be different in the stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) and the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta). Lid‐fused arctoides monkeys do not develop myopia when the ciliary muscle is paralysed or the optic nerve is cut, suggesting that the abnormal growth is caused by excessive accommodation. In contrast, paralysis of the ciliary muscle or optic nerve section does not prevent the development of myopia in the rhesus macaque, suggesting that in this species the axial growth is controlled by the retina. In both species neonatal lid fusion causes a marked increase in retinal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), VIP is contained in a single type of amacrine cell whose dendrites spread in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. It remains to be determined whether the increase in the level of VIP is related to the abnormal axial elongation caused by lid fusion. At present we are also exploring the effects of accommodation on the growth of the eye by training juvenile arctoides monkeys to work on complex visual discrimination paradigms. Preliminary results show that performing a visual task at close range may influence the axial length and refraction in this macaque species.