The Emerging Migration State 1
The Emerging Migration State 1
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新兴移民国家 1
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Hollifield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Hollifield
自1945年以来，核心工业民主国家的移民一直在增加。移民人数的增加是市场力量（需求拉动和供应推动）和亲属关系网的作用，它们降低了从一个社会迁移到另一个社会的交易成本。这些经济和社会力量是移徙发生的必要条件，但充分条件是法律的和政治的。国家必须愿意接受移民，并给予外来者权利。那么，面对将国家推向更大开放的经济力量，以及将其推向封闭的安全担忧和强大政治力量，国家如何监管移民？国家陷入了一个“自由主义”悖论--为了保持竞争优势，政府必须保持经济和社会对贸易、投资和移民的开放。但与商品、资本和服务不同，人员流动涉及更大的政治风险。在欧洲和北美，权利是管理移民的关键，因为各国努力履行三项关键职能：维护安全;建立贸易和投资制度;管理移民。在18世纪和19世纪，驻防国与贸易国联系在一起。20世纪和21世纪出现了移徙国家，在这些国家，国际移徙的管理与国家安全和公民的经济福祉同等重要。
Since 1945, immigration in the core industrial democracies has been increasing. The rise in immigration is a function of market forces (demand-pull and supply-push) and kinship networks, which reduce the transaction costs of moving from one society to another. These economic and sociological forces are the necessary conditions for migration to occur, but the sufficient conditions are legal and political. States must be willing to accept immigration and to grant rights to outsiders. How then do states regulate migration in the face of economic forces that push them toward greater openness, while security concerns and powerful political forces push them toward closure? States are trapped in a “liberal” paradox – in order to maintain a competitive advantage, governments must keep their economies and societies open to trade, investment, and migration. But unlike goods, capital, and services, the movement of people involves greater political risks. In both Europe and North America, rights are the key to regulating migration as states strive to fulfill three key functions: maintaining security; building trade and investment regimes; and regulating migration. The garrison state was linked with the trading state in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The twentieth and twenty-first centuries have seen the emergence of the migration state, where regulation of international migration is as important as providing for the security of the state and the economic well being of the citizenry.