THE PSYCHIATRIC-NURSE AS A BEHAVIORAL ENGINEER
THE PSYCHIATRIC-NURSE AS A BEHAVIORAL ENGINEER
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1959.2-323
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发表时间：
1959-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
MICHAEL, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
AYLLON, T;MICHAEL, J
共研究了19名受试者。其中14人被归类为精神分裂症，5人被归类为精神缺陷。每个受试者都有一个持续性的行为问题。除一人外，其他人都已住院数年。在观察时，没有人接受心理治疗、电休克疗法或任何形式的个人治疗。治疗前破坏性行为由护士记录。如果这涉及到与护士的互动，每次发生都会被记录下来。否则，每隔30分钟观察1-3分钟。在后一种情况下，患者的行为被分类为：(1)不良行为；(2)最终可能取代不良行为的不相容行为；(3)不适应的行为（睡觉、吃饭、穿衣等）。治疗包括将强化理论应用于这些行为问题。本文介绍了典型的病例史，其中治疗包括以下其中一种：(1)通过消除或消除结合不相容行为的强化治疗强行为；(2)以强化不相容行为治疗强势行为；(3)逃避和回避条件作用强化的弱势行为；(4)社会注意消退和刺激感觉消退共同作用下，强行为减弱。讨论了本研究中遇到的困难，以及这种治疗方法的优点。
A total of 19 subjects were studied. Of these 14 were classified as schizo-phrenic and 5 as mentally defective. Each subject presented a persis-tent behavior problem. All except one had been hospitalized for several yrs. At the time of observation none were receiving psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or any kind of individual treatment. Prior to treatment disruptive behavior was recorded by the nurse. If this involved interaction with the nurse, it was recorded every time it occurred. Otherwise, the patient was observed at intervals, usually of 30 min, for 1-3 min. In the latter case, the patient''s behavior was classified as: (1) undesirable behavior; (2) incompatible behavior which could ultimately displace the undesirable behavior; and (3) incompatible behavior which was not considered shapeable (sleeping, eating, dressing, etc.). Treatment consisted of the application of reinforcement theory to these behavior problems. Typical case histories are presented in which the treatment consisted of one of the following: (1) strong behavior treated by extinction or extinction combined with reinforcement for incompatible behavior; (2) strong behavior treated by strengthening incompatible behavior; (3) weak behavior strengthened by escape and avoidance conditioning; and (4) strong behavior weakened through a combination of extinction for social attention and stimulus sensation. Difficulties encountered in this study are discussed, together with the advantages of this method of treatment.