Delay discounting of food and remifentanil in rhesus monkeys
Delay discounting of food and remifentanil in rhesus monkeys
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-013-3121-x
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
France, Charles P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maguire, David R.;Gerak, Lisa R.;France, Charles P.
药物滥用可被概念化为在药物和非药物滥用者之间的选择，其中药物选择过多;影响药物服用的因素可以使用受试者在药物和替代药物之间选择的程序来检查。目的本实验研究延迟强化对食物和μ阿片受体激动剂瑞芬太尼之间选择的影响。方法恒河猴在同时固定比率5，固定比例5的时间表，其中响应一个杠杆提供一个食物颗粒和响应另一个杠杆提供静脉输液。结果没有延迟，猴子主要对食物而不是盐水或小剂量的瑞芬太尼作出反应;随着瑞芬太尼剂量的增加（0.1-1.0 μ g/kg/输液），猴子对药物的反应更多。延迟输注（30-240 s）0.32 μ g/kg瑞芬太尼而不是1.0 μ g/kg瑞芬太尼（立即输注食物）降低了对药物的反应，增加了对食物的反应，导致瑞芬太尼剂量-效应曲线的显著偏移。延迟食物交付（60-240 s）当瑞芬太尼剂量小于0.32 μ g/kg/输注时结论延迟给予阿片受体激动剂降低了其作为阳性药物的效力;更重要的是，延迟替代非药物强化剂（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，食物）增强激动剂的增强效力。因此，了解控制物质滥用的因素需要检查药物和非药物滥用者的意外事件。
Rationale Drug abuse can be conceptualized as choice between drug and nondrug reinforcers in which drug choice is excessive; factors impacting drug taking can be examined using procedures in which subjects choose between drug and an alternative reinforcer.Objective This experiment examined the effects of delayed reinforcement on choice between food and the mu-opioid receptor agonist remifentanil.Methods Rhesus monkeys responded under a concurrent fixed-ratio 5, fixed-ratio 5 schedule in which responding on one lever delivered one food pellet and responding on another lever delivered an i.v. infusion.Results With no delay, monkeys responded predominantly for food rather than saline or small doses of remifentanil; as the dose of remifentanil increased (0.1-1.0 mu g/kg/infusion), monkeys responded more for drug. Delaying delivery (30-240 s) of 0.32 and not 1.0 mu g/kg/infusion of remifentanil (food delivered immediately) decreased responding for drug and increased responding for food, resulting in a rightward shift in the remifentanil dose-effect curve. Delaying delivery of food (60-240 s) when doses of remifentanil smaller than 0.32 mu g/kg/infusion (but not saline) were available decreased responding for food and increased responding for drug, resulting in a leftward shift in the remifentanil dose-effect curve.Conclusion These results provide evidence that delaying the delivery of amu-opioid receptor agonist reduces its potency as a positive reinforcer; more importantly, delaying the delivery of an alternative nondrug reinforcer (e. g., food) enhances the reinforcing potency of the agonist. Thus, understanding the factors that control substance abuse requires examination of contingencies for both drug and nondrug reinforcers.