Reflexivity without identity matching training: A first demonstration.
Reflexivity without identity matching training: A first demonstration.
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没有身份匹配训练的反射性：第一次演示。
DOI：
10.1002/jeab.302
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Urcuioli,PeterJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swisher,Melissa;Urcuioli,PeterJ
到目前为止，反射性的等价性--在一组任意匹配关系上训练后，将物理上相同的刺激与自己匹配--还没有在任何动物、人类或非人类身上得到证明。以前关于反身性的报告或暗示或明确地涉及对其他身份匹配关系的强化训练。在这里，我们演示了没有事先的身份匹配训练的反身性。鸽子同时接受了三个任意匹配任务的连续匹配训练：AB(色调-形式)、BC(形式-色调)和AC(A和C集合中具有不同色调的色调-色调)。随后，对鸽子进行了BB(形式-形式)反射能力测试。与Urcuioli()理论的预测一致，鸽子在测试中优先对与前面B样本刺激匹配的B比较刺激做出反应(即BB反射率)。另一项单独的实验显示，一组略有不同的任意匹配基线关系在五只鸽子中的两只身上产生了理论上预测的“反反射”(或紧急奇怪)效应。最后，仅在两个任意连续的匹配任务(AB和BC)上的训练在8只鸽子中的5只的测试中没有产生任何不同的BB反应，另外两只表现出反射能力，一只表现出反反射能力。这些数据补充了之前关于鸽子对称性和传递性(等价性的另外两个属性)的发现。
Until now, the equivalence property of reflexivity—matching physically identical stimuli to themselves after training on a set of arbitrary matching relations—has not been demonstrated in any animal, human or nonhuman. Previous reports of reflexivity have either implicitly or explicitly involved reinforced training on other identity matching relations. Here we demonstrate reflexivity without prior identity matching training. Pigeons received concurrent successive matching training on three arbitrary matching tasks: AB (hue–form), BC (form–hue), and AC (hue–hue with different hues in the A and C sets). Afterwards, pigeons were tested for BB (form–form) reflexivity. Consistent with the predictions of Urcuioli's () theory, pigeons preferentially responded to B comparison stimuli that matched the preceding B sample stimuli in testing (i.e., BB reflexivity). A separate experiment showed that a slightly different set of arbitrary matching baseline relations yielded a theoretically predicted “anti‐reflexivity” (or emergent oddity) effect in two of five pigeons. Finally, training on just two arbitrary successive matching tasks (AB and BC) did not yield any differential BB responding in testing for five of eight pigeons, with two others showing reflexivity and one showing antireflexivity. These data complement previous findings of symmetry and transitivity (the two other properties of equivalence) in pigeons.