Review: Marine ecology - Emerging marine diseases - Climate links and anthropogenic factors
Review: Marine ecology - Emerging marine diseases - Climate links and anthropogenic factors
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DOI：
10.1126/science.285.5433.1505
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发表时间：
1999-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Vasta, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvell, CD;Kim, K;Vasta, GR
疾病爆发造成的大规模死亡最近影响了海洋中的主要分类群。对于受到密切监测的群体，如珊瑚和海洋哺乳动物，有关流行病发生频率和新疾病数量的报告最近有所增加。1997- 1998年全球珊瑚白化严重程度的急剧增加与厄尔尼诺现象的高温同时发生。这种气候介导的生理压力可能会损害宿主的抵抗力，增加机会性疾病的发生频率。在有记录的地方，新疾病通常是通过宿主或已知病原体的范围转移而出现的。气候和人类活动也可能加速了物种的全球传播，将病原体和以前未暴露的宿主种群聚集在一起。
Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans. For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of epidemics and the number of new diseases have increased recently. A dramatic global increase in the severity of coral bleaching in 1997-98 is coincident with high El Nino temperatures. Such climate-mediated, physiological stresses may compromise host resistance and increase frequency of opportunistic diseases. Where documented, new diseases typically have emerged through host or range shifts of known pathogens. Both climate and human activities may have also accelerated global transport of species, bringing together pathogens and previously unexposed host populations.