A HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF THE LOWER URINARY-TRACT OF THE FEMALE PIG - IS THE PIG A GOOD MODEL FOR THE HUMAN BLADDER AND URETHRA
A HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF THE LOWER URINARY-TRACT OF THE FEMALE PIG - IS THE PIG A GOOD MODEL FOR THE HUMAN BLADDER AND URETHRA
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40785-3
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发表时间：
1989-02-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
BURNSTOCK, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CROWE, R;BURNSTOCK, G
用组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对母猪逼尿肌、膀胱颈、尿道近、中、远段进行了定位研究。检测的肽包括：血管活性肠肽、P物质、生长抑素、[Met]脑啡肽、铃蟾肽和胃泌素。神经密度以远端尿道平滑肌最高，其次为膀胱颈、中段尿道和近端尿道，逼尿肌最低。最大数量的神经纤维染色乙酰胆碱酯酶，其次是血管活性肠多肽和儿茶酚胺含纤维。P物质免疫反应神经纤维局限于膀胱颈和远端尿道区域。[Met]脑啡肽和胃泌素免疫反应神经在远端尿道中最密集，但在逼尿肌中不存在，而生长抑素免疫反应神经纤维稀疏分布在整个下尿路。在猪泌尿道血管的外-内侧缘上还发现了含儿茶酚胺、乙酰胆碱酯酶、血管活性肠肽、P物质、[Met]脑啡肽和胃泌素的免疫反应神经。在内在的尿道外括约肌，位于远端尿道，血管活性肠多肽和胃泌素免疫反应神经纤维被发现接壤的少数个别横纹肌纤维，而含儿茶酚胺的神经被发现主要是在周围的横纹肌纤维的结缔组织。密集的乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性神经纤维被发现与横纹肌纤维，其中一些终板。膀胱颈和尿道内外括约肌中、远端有2 ~ 30个神经元组成的壁内神经节，其中2 ~ 3个神经元为血管活性肠肽、脑啡肽和生长抑素免疫反应阳性的小神经节。将结果与如前所述的人膀胱和尿道的自主神经支配进行比较，并得出结论，猪的下尿路对于人的下尿路的某些特征是良好的模型，但对于其他人是较差的模型。
The detrusor muscle, bladder neck, proximal, middle and distal regions of the urethra of the female pig were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to localize catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive and peptide-containing nerves. The peptides examined included: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, somatostatin, [Met]enkephalin, bombesin and gastrin. The greatest density of nerves was found in the smooth muscle of the distal urethra, followed by the bladder neck, middle urethra, and proximal urethra, with the least in the detrusor muscle. The greatest number of nerve fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase, followed by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and catecholamine-containing fibres. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres confined to the bladder neck and distal urethral regions. [Met]enkephalin- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were most dense in the distal urethra but absent in detrusor muscle, while somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were sparsely distributed throughout the lower urinary tract. No nerve fibres showing immunoreactivity to bombesin were found. Catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, [Met]enkephalin- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were also found on the adventitial-medial border of blood vessels in the pig urinary tract. In the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, located in the distal urethra, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found bordering a small number of individual striated muscle fibres while catecholamine-containing nerves were found predominantly in the connective tissue surrounding the striated muscle fibres. Dense populations of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were found associated with the striated muscle fibres, with end plates on some of them. Intramural ganlgia, composed of two to 30 neurones, were found in the blader neck and middle and distal regions of the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, there were small ganglia, containing two to three neurones, which were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, [Met]enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive. The results are compared to the autonomic innervation of the human bladder and urethra as previously described and it is concluded that the lower urinary tract of the pig is a good model for some features of the lower urinary tract of man, but a poor model for others.