Postnatal piglet husbandry practices and well-being: The effects of alternative techniques delivered separately
Postnatal piglet husbandry practices and well-being: The effects of alternative techniques delivered separately
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2008-1080
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Marchant-Forde, R. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marchant-Forde, J. N.;Lay, D. C., Jr.;Marchant-Forde, R. M.
这项研究的目的是评估两种不同的处理程序的应激反应：1)牙齿切除-修剪与磨牙；2)尾部停靠冷与热修剪；3)识别-耳朵缺口与标签；4)铁剂注射与口腔；5)去势-脐带切割与撕裂。8到10窝8、2和3d龄的仔猪被分配到每个程序中。在每窝中，2头小猪被分配到4种可能的程序中的一种：2种替代方法，一种假方法，以及一种假方法加采血。分别于手术前、手术后45min、4h、48h、1wk、2wk采血，测定皮质醇和β-内啡肽。对手术过程进行录像和分析，以评估进行手术所需的时间以及尖叫声、咕噜声和逃跑尝试的次数。分析发声以确定平均频率、峰值频率和持续时间。分别于手术前、手术后24小时、48小时、1周、2周称重。在识别、尾部停靠和去势治疗中，在术后24小时、1周和2周对猪的病变进行0到5分的评分。对于牙齿切除，磨牙花费的时间比修剪长，总体皮质醇浓度更高，生长速度更差，发声时间更长(P<；0.05)。对于尾巴对接，热剪裁花费的时间更长，热剪裁的仔猪生长速度慢于冷剪裁的仔猪(P<；0.05)。与对照组相比，热剪裁还导致猪尖叫的时间更长、频率更高(P<；0.01)。对于识别，切耳花费的时间比标记更长，并且切耳仔猪的伤口评分比标记仔猪更差(P<；0.05)。切耳仔猪在4小时的皮质醇浓度也更高(P<；0.10)。切耳诱发的叫声峰值频率高于对照处理。对于铁注射，口服给药所需的时间在数字上比注射长，但在任何一种方法上，注射给药和口服给药都没有显著差异。对于去势，撕裂比切断脐带花费的时间更长(P<；0.05)，但切开的仔猪在术后45分钟的β-内啡肽浓度更高。当使用行为、生理和生产力测量时，对牙齿切除、尾巴对接和识别的反应显示出通过程序性方法的改变，而对铁注射和去势的反应没有不同。进行这一程序所需的时间似乎是影响应激反应强度的一个重要因素。
The aim of this study was to evaluate stress responses evoked by 2 alternative methods for performing the following processing procedures: 1) teeth resection-clipping vs. grinding; 2) tail docking cold vs. hot clipping; 3) identification-ear notch vs. tag; 4) iron administration-injection vs. oral; 5) castration-cords cut vs. torn. Eight to 10 litters of 8-, 2-, and 3-d-old piglets were assigned to each procedure. Within each litter, 2 piglets were assigned to 1 of 4 possible procedures: the 2 alternative methods, a sham procedure, and a sham procedure plus blood sampling. Blood was sampled before processing and at 45 min, 4 h, 48 h, 1 wk, and 2 wk postprocedure and assayed for cortisol and beta-endorphin. Procedures were videotaped and analyzed to evaluate the time taken to perform the procedure and the number of squeals, grunts, and escape attempts. Vocalizations were analyzed to determine mean and peak frequencies and duration. Piglets were weighed before the procedure and at 24 h, 48 h, 1 wk, and 2 wk afterward. Lesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 5 on pigs in the identification, tail docking, and castration treatments at 24 h, 1 wk, and 2 wk postprocedure. For teeth resection, grinding took longer than clipping and resulted in greater cortisol concentration overall, poorer growth rates, and longer vocalizations compared with pigs in the control treatment (P < 0.05). For tail docking, hot clipping took longer, and hot-clipped piglets grew slower than cold-clipped piglets (P < 0.05). Hot clipping also resulted in longer and higher frequency squealing compared with pigs in the control treatment (P < 0.01). For identification, ear notching took longer than tagging, and ear-notched piglets had worse wound scores than tagged piglets (P < 0.05). Cortisol concentrations at 4 h also tended to be greater for ear-notched piglets (P < 0.10). Ear notching evoked calls with higher peak frequencies than the control treatments. For iron administration, oral delivery took numerically longer than injecting, but there were no significant differences between injecting and oral delivery for any of the measures. For castration, tearing took longer than cutting the cords (P < 0.05), but beta-endorphin concentrations at 45 min postprocedure were greater for cut piglets. When measures of behavior, physiology, and productivity were used, the responses to teeth resection, tail docking, and identification were shown to be altered by the procedural method, whereas responses to iron administration and castration did not differ. The time taken to carry out the procedure would appear to be an important factor in the strength of the stress response.