The post-arteriole transitional zone: a specialized capillary region that regulates blood flow within the CNS microvasculature.
The post-arteriole transitional zone: a specialized capillary region that regulates blood flow within the CNS microvasculature.
复制标题
小动脉后过渡区：调节中枢神经系统微脉管系统内血流的特殊毛细血管区域。
DOI：
10.1113/jp282246
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hill-Eubanks,David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mughal,Amreen;Nelson,MarkT;Hill-Eubanks,David
大脑是一个能量猪，消耗可用的能量供应的速度与其相对较小的尺寸完全不成比例。这种巨大的需求，在很大程度上反映了大脑独特的计算活动，是由一个神经血管耦合机制，连接神经元活动与局部增加血液输送的合奏。这种及时补充策略，由于神经元的能量储存能力有限而变得必要，使脑血管系统的营养输送任务变得复杂，在时间空间要求上分层，邀请并挑战机械解释。解开这些机制的研究工作的重心已经从最初的强调星形胶质细胞-小动脉水平的过程转移到毛细血管水平的机制，这一转变已经引起了关于精细控制血液分布到活跃神经元的尖锐问题。随着这些研究深入到微血管系统的更细范围，它们揭示了CNS毛细血管网络的小动脉近侧亚区，其在引导血流进入下游毛细血管和下游毛细血管内方面发挥调节功能。他们还阐明了研究人员对该区域血管结构和壁细胞身份的观点的差异，这些细胞赋予控制血液分布的血管调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们强调了微血管系统中一个被称为后小动脉过渡区的区域在CNS毛细血管网络中引导血流方面的调节作用，并强调了动态收缩的血管周围壁细胞（通常但不普遍地被认为是周细胞）对这一功能的贡献。
The brain is an energy hog, consuming available energy supplies at a rate out of all proportion to its relatively small size. This outsized demand, largely reflecting the unique computational activity of the brain, is met by an ensemble of neurovascular coupling mechanisms that link neuronal activity with local increases in blood delivery. This just‐in‐time replenishment strategy, made necessary by the limited energy‐storage capacity of neurons, complicates the nutrient‐delivery task of the cerebral vasculature, layering on a temporo‐spatial requirement that invites ‐ and challenges ‐ mechanistic interpretation. The centre of gravity of research efforts to disentangle these mechanisms has shifted from an initial emphasis on astrocyte‐arteriole‐level processes to mechanisms that operate on the capillary level, a shift that has brought into sharp focus questions regarding the fine control of blood distribution to active neurons. As these investigations have drilled down into finer reaches of the microvasculature, they have revealed an arteriole‐proximate subregion of CNS capillary networks that serves a regulatory function in directing blood flow into and within downstream capillaries. They have also illuminated differences in researchers’ perspectives on the vascular structures and identity of mural cells in this region that impart the vasomodulatory effects that control blood distribution. In this review, we highlight the regulatory role of a variably named region of the microvasculature, referred to here as the post‐arteriole transition zone, in channeling blood flow within CNS capillary networks, and underscore the contribution of dynamically contractile perivascular mural cell – generally, but not universally, recognized as pericytes – to this function.