Structural insights into the inactivation of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system by anti-CRISPR proteins
Structural insights into the inactivation of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system by anti-CRISPR proteins
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DOI：
10.1080/15476286.2021.1985347
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Lingguang Yang;Yi Zhang;Peipei Yin;Yue Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lingguang Yang;Yi Zhang;Peipei Yin;Yue Feng
摘要噬菌体感染是原核生物生存的主要威胁之一，原核生物已经进化出多种保护途径来应对这一挑战。从这场永恒的军备竞赛中已经发现了各种微妙的机制，其中CRISPR-Cas系统是原核适应性免疫系统，并且不断进化出各种抗CRISPR（Acr）蛋白来逃避这种免疫。到目前为止，已经鉴定了大约90个Acr蛋白家族，其中24个家族被证实可以对抗I-F亚型CRISPR-Cas系统。本文综述了I-F型Acr蛋白的结构和生物化学机制，将其抑制机制分为两大类，并为今后其他Acr蛋白的研究提供参考。在这种背景下理解Acr蛋白将导致基因组编辑中的各种实际应用，并为原核生物和哺乳动物之间的分子军备竞赛提供令人兴奋的见解。
ABSTRACT Phage infection is one of the major threats to prokaryotic survival, and prokaryotes in turn have evolved multiple protection approaches to fight against this challenge. Various delicate mechanisms have been discovered from this eternal arms race, among which the CRISPR-Cas systems are the prokaryotic adaptive immune systems and phages evolve diverse anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to evade this immunity. Until now, about 90 families of Acr proteins have been identified, out of which 24 families were verified to fight against subtype I-F CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we review the structural and biochemical mechanisms of the characterized type I-F Acr proteins, classify their inhibition mechanisms into two major groups and provide insights for future studies of other Acr proteins. Understanding Acr proteins in this context will lead to a variety of practical applications in genome editing and also provide exciting insights into the molecular arms race between prokaryotes and phages.